Biological Molecules Overview

<p>Water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed from monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The components of the R group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>None of them dissolves in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An amino group (−NH2) and a carboxyl group (−COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A macromolecule serving as a catalyst that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharide) or polymers (polysaccharide).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The simplest carbohydrates, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structural polysaccharide consisting of amino sugar monomers found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A carboxylic acid with a long carbon chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unsaturated fat formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid made up of a glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleic acid molecule characterized by a double-stranded helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of nucleic acid usually single-stranded that plays a role in protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sugar component of DNA nucleotides with one fewer hydroxyl group than ribose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sugar component of RNA nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Referring to the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process biological information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The systematic study of sets of genes and their interactions within a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The systematic study of sets of proteins and their properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers