Podcast
Questions and Answers
The term ______ means 'toward the tail'.
The term ______ means 'toward the tail'.
Caudal
The outer layer of the cerebrum, called the cerebral ______, is formed by gray matter.
The outer layer of the cerebrum, called the cerebral ______, is formed by gray matter.
cortex
Within the first three weeks of embryonic development, the neural plate sinks and its edges thicken to form which structure?
Within the first three weeks of embryonic development, the neural plate sinks and its edges thicken to form which structure?
Neural groove
The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the ______.
The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the ______.
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Fluid-filled internal chambers of the brain are called ______.
Fluid-filled internal chambers of the brain are called ______.
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Which is the definition of the term 'rostral'?
Which is the definition of the term 'rostral'?
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The blood-brain barrier consists of tight junctions between which types of cells?
The blood-brain barrier consists of tight junctions between which types of cells?
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The gray matter of the cerebrum forms which structure?
The gray matter of the cerebrum forms which structure?
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The medulla oblongata develops from which structure?
The medulla oblongata develops from which structure?
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Which embryonic structure develops first?
Which embryonic structure develops first?
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Which term refers to the connective tissue membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
Which term refers to the connective tissue membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
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The pons develops from which region of the neural tube?
The pons develops from which region of the neural tube?
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How many ventricles are located in the brain?
How many ventricles are located in the brain?
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Which midbrain structures mediate visual reflexes?
Which midbrain structures mediate visual reflexes?
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Which is least likely to get through the blood-brain barrier?
Which is least likely to get through the blood-brain barrier?
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Where is the reticular formation located?
Where is the reticular formation located?
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The embryonic hindbrain consists of which secondary vesicles? (Choose two from the list below)
The embryonic hindbrain consists of which secondary vesicles? (Choose two from the list below)
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Which letter corresponds to the vermis in this picture?
Which letter corresponds to the vermis in this picture?
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The forebrain includes which of the following structures?
The forebrain includes which of the following structures?
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The pons develops from an embryonic secondary brain vesicle called the ______.
The pons develops from an embryonic secondary brain vesicle called the ______.
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The ______ is an oval-shaped structure in the diencephalon located at the superior end of the brainstem beneath the cerebral hemispheres.
The ______ is an oval-shaped structure in the diencephalon located at the superior end of the brainstem beneath the cerebral hemispheres.
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The colliculi play an important role in visual attention and visual tracking of moving objects.
The colliculi play an important role in visual attention and visual tracking of moving objects.
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Name the prominent C-shaped band of nerve tracts that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres to each other.
Name the prominent C-shaped band of nerve tracts that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres to each other.
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Which statement about the reticular formation is true?
Which statement about the reticular formation is true?
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How many lobes are found in each of the cerebral hemispheres?
How many lobes are found in each of the cerebral hemispheres?
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The portion of the cerebellum that connects the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the ______.
The portion of the cerebellum that connects the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the ______.
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Which embryonic brain regions develop into the forebrain? (Select all that apply)
Which embryonic brain regions develop into the forebrain? (Select all that apply)
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Which structure is sometimes called the 'gateway to the cerebral cortex'?
Which structure is sometimes called the 'gateway to the cerebral cortex'?
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Name the large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain.
Name the large, C-shaped structure that contains most of the commissural tracts of the brain.
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Which is NOT one of the five cerebral lobes?
Which is NOT one of the five cerebral lobes?
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Which cerebral lobe is responsible for voluntary motor function, motivation, memory, mood, and aggression?
Which cerebral lobe is responsible for voluntary motor function, motivation, memory, mood, and aggression?
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The ______ lobe starts at the central sulcus and extends caudally to the parieto-occipital sulcus.
The ______ lobe starts at the central sulcus and extends caudally to the parieto-occipital sulcus.
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Name the prominent C-shaped band of nerve tracts that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres to each other.
Name the prominent C-shaped band of nerve tracts that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres to each other.
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True or false: The chief functions of the parietal lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
True or false: The chief functions of the parietal lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
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The ______ lobe contains the primary visual center of the brain.
The ______ lobe contains the primary visual center of the brain.
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The chief functions of the ______ lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
The chief functions of the ______ lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
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Study Notes
Terminology and Definitions
- Caudal: Refers to the direction "toward the tail."
- Cortex: The outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of gray matter.
- Neural Groove: Formed within the first three weeks of embryonic development when the neural plate sinks and its edges thicken.
- Meninges: Three-layer fibrous membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
- Ventricles: Fluid-filled internal chambers located in the brain.
- Rostral: Indicates the direction "toward the nose; toward the forehead; or higher (vertical)."
- Blood-Brain Barrier: Comprised of tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells.
Brain Development and Structure
- Neural Plate: The first embryonic structure to develop during brain development.
- Myelencephalon: The embryonic structure that develops into the medulla oblongata.
- Metencephalon: The part of the neural tube that gives rise to the pons.
- Ventricles Count: There are four ventricles located in the brain.
Brain Anatomy and Functions
- Superior Colliculi: Structures in the midbrain responsible for mediating visual reflexes.
- Reticular Formation: Located in the brainstem and spinal cord, it consists of a loose web of gray matter.
- Cerebrum, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus: Major structures of the forebrain.
Cerebral Hemispheres and Lobes
- Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres: Each hemisphere contains five lobes.
- Frontal Lobe: Responsible for voluntary motor functions, motivation, memory, mood, and aggression.
- Parietal Lobe: Extends from the central sulcus to the parieto-occipital sulcus.
- Occipital Lobe: Contains the primary visual center of the brain.
- Corpus Callosum: A prominent C-shaped band of nerve tracts connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Additional Key Facts
- Thalamus: Often referred to as the "gateway to the cerebral cortex."
- Commissural Tracts: Most of these tracts are contained within the corpus callosum.
- Visual Attention: Superior colliculi play a significant role in visual attention and tracking moving objects.
- Urea: Considered least likely to cross the blood-brain barrier.
- False Statement: The functions of the parietal lobe do not include voluntary motor functions—those are attributed to the frontal lobe.
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Description
Test your knowledge of anatomy and physiology with this set of flashcards focused on Chapter 14. Cover key terms and concepts including brain structures and embryonic development. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of the nervous system.
