Nervous System Terminology

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the nervous system?

To filter waste from the blood

To regulate body temperature

To coordinate the body's involuntary and voluntary movements (correct)

To produce hormones

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Brain and spinal cord

Neuron and axon

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

Central and peripheral nervous system (correct)

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To conduct electrical impulses

To regulate blood pressure

To produce neurotransmitters

To provide protection and electrical insulation to the nerves (correct)

What is the term for the connecting point between nerve cells or between a nerve cell and a receptor or effector cell?

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for groups of neuron cell bodies that occur within the PNS?

Ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the neuron that projects outward from the cell body?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the brain and spinal cord composed of?

Dura matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle layer of the meninges called?

Arachnoid layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a violent shaking of the brain?

Concussion Signup and view all the answers

What is the collection of blood trapped in the subdural space beneath the dura matter called?

Subdural hematoma Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain consists of two hemispheres?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inner layer of the meninges?

Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull?

Epidural hematoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest part of the brain?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical specialty that deals with the nervous system?

Neurology Signup and view all the answers

What type of medical specialist treats nervous system disorders?

Neurologist Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is used to induce a calming effect or sleep?

Sedatives or Hypnotics Signup and view all the answers

What medical term refers to a disease involving the cranial, central, or autonomic nervous system?

Neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What suffix refers to the head?

Cephal/o Signup and view all the answers

What suffix refers to the brain?

Encephal/o Signup and view all the answers

What medical term refers to a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders?

Psychiatrist Signup and view all the answers

What suffix refers to the spinal cord and medulla oblongata?

Myel/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the brain?

Encephalitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a blood clot in the brain?

Cerebral thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for loss of speech?

Aphasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the spinal cord?

Myelitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for numbness or tingling sensations?

Paresthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a localized dilation of a vessel wall or chamber in the brain?

Aneurysm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures?

Epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a blockage of blood flow to the brain tissues?

Embolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of tumor that may cause localized dysfunction and increase intracranial pressure?

Tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of psychological disorder characterized by irrational fear of specific situations or things?

Phobia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of degenerative disease that affects the brain and causes progressive deterioration?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of procedure that involves the removal of cerebrospinal fluid from the spine?

Lumbar Puncture (LP) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Nervous System

The nervous system coordinates the body's involuntary and voluntary movements.
It works in conjunction with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis (a state of equilibrium).
The nervous system has two main divisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain is separable into two hemispheres, each consisting of four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
The CNS has three principal parts: the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon.
The cell body contains the nucleus, and the dendrites project outward from the cell body.
The axon is the part of the neuron that conducts electrical impulses.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The PNS is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous subsystems.
When groups of neuron cell bodies occur within the PNS, each one is called a ganglion (plural: ganglia).
Groupings of axons anywhere in the body are called nerves.

Synapse and Neurotransmitters

The synapse is the connecting point between nerve cells or between a nerve cell and a receptor or effector cell.
The stimulus between the two cells is usually passed by chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Hormones are typical neurotransmitters.

Myelin Sheath and Ventricles

The myelin sheath is a white fatty material that covers the axons, providing protection and electrical insulation to the nerves.
Ventricles are cavities between the cerebrum and brain stem.

Parts of the Brain

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, with an outer layer of grey matter called the cerebral cortex.
The cerebellum is situated beneath the cerebrum and consists of two hemispheres.
The diencephalon contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
The brain stem connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.

Meninxes

The meninxes are three-layered membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
They absorb physical shocks that may damage the neural tissue.
The outer layer is termed the dura mater, the middle layer is the arachnoid, and the inner layer is the pia mater.

Disorders of the Nervous System

Brain Trauma:
- Concussion (cerebral concussion): violent shaking of the brain.
- Subdural hematoma: a collection of blood trapped in the subdural space beneath the dura mater.
- Epidural hematoma: a collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull.
Vascular Insults:
- Cerebrovascular accident (CVA): also known as a stroke.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Tumors:
- Lesions or neoplasms that may cause localized dysfunction, producing an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP).
Systemic Degenerative Diseases:
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
- Parkinson's disease.
- Alzheimer's disease.
Seizure Disorders:
- Epilepsy: a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
- Grand mal seizures and petit mal seizures.
Behavioral Disorders:
- Anxiety disorders: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and phobia.
- Mood disorders: depression.
- Psychotic disorders: schizophrenia.

Procedures and Practitioners

Imaging techniques:
- Computed Tomography (CT).
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Diagnostic tests:
- Electroencephalography (EEG).
- Lumbar Puncture (LP).
Medical specialists:
- Neurologists: diagnose and treat nervous system disorders.
- Neurosurgeons: surgeons who specialize in operations on the nervous system.
- Psychiatrists: medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
- Psychologists: non-medical specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

Pharmacology

Sedatives or hypnotics: drugs used to induce calming effects or sleep.
Anticonvulsants: drugs used to treat seizure activity.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of the nervous system, including its functions and relationships with other bodily systems. Learn about the complexities of the nervous system and its role in maintaining balance in the body.