AP Biology: Cell Structure and Function
Explore the fundamental building blocks of life in this AP Biology unit. Learn about macromolecules like proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Understand the structure and function of cellular components, including membranes and ribosomes.
Recommended next
20 questions ready
Start with a quiz
Answer from memory first, then use the existing quiz review flow for anything you miss.
Activities
Quiz20 Questions
Flashcards20 Cards
Study Notes1 Note
Modules
Learn in sequence
Start with the earlier modules and work forward. Each one builds on the last, so the course gets more advanced as you go.
AP Biology: Cell Structure and Function
Quiz • 20 Questions
AP Biology: Cell Structure and Function - Flashcards
Flashcards • 20 Cards
Study Notes
6 min • Summary
Materials
List of Questions20 questions
- Question 1
- The polar heads interact with the aqueous intracellular and extracellular environments, while the non-polar tails interact with each other.
- The hydrophilic tails and hydrophobic heads arrange themselves with tails facing outward and heads facing inward.
- The non-polar tails face the aqueous intracellular and extracellular environments, while the polar heads face each other.
- The polar heads of phospholipids are repelled by both intracellular and extracellular environments, causing the tails to face inward.
- Question 2
- DNA replication
- Lipid synthesis
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Protein synthesis
- Question 3
- Rough ER is responsible for intracellular transport, while smooth ER is responsible for extracellular transport.
- Rough ER is involved in detoxification, while smooth ER is involved in protein synthesis.
- Rough ER is primarily involved in lipid synthesis, while smooth ER is involved in protein folding.
- Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein production, while smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Question 4
- The Golgi apparatus transports proteins directly to the nucleus, while the endoplasmic reticulum modifies those proteins.
- The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids, which are then processed and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus synthesizes proteins, which are then folded by the endoplasmic reticulum.
- The endoplasmic reticulum breaks down proteins, while the Golgi apparatus synthesizes new ones.
- Question 5
- It generates ATP for the plant cell through cellular respiration.
- It isolates harmful substances to prevent damage to the plant cell.
- It provides structural support through turgor pressure and stores water and dissolved solutes.
- It regulates the cell's pH balance by storing excess acids.
- Question 6
- It decreases the surface area for ATP synthase activity.
- It increases the volume of the matrix for Krebs cycle reactions.
- It increases the surface area for electron transport and ATP synthesis.
- It facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the mitochondrial matrix.
- Question 7
- It allows for the storage of excess glucose produced during photosynthesis.
- It concentrates all photosynthetic enzymes in one location to speed up the photosynthetic process.
- It regulates the exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) across the chloroplast membrane.
- It separates the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, optimizing each stage of photosynthesis.
- Question 8
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane, their own DNA, and ribosomes.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to synthesize proteins using the cell's nuclear DNA.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts are formed de novo (from scratch) within the cell.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a single outer membrane and lack internal ribosomes.
- Question 9
- It facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the surroundings.
- It minimizes the amount of DNA needed to control metabolic processes.
- It reduces the rate of metabolic reactions within the cell.
- It decreases the structural integrity of the plasma membrane.
- Question 10
- To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
- To provide structural support to the cell wall.
- To facilitate the transport of water molecules across the membrane.
- To attach the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton.
- Question 11
- Cell walls are impermeable barriers and prevent any molecules from passing.
- Cell walls provide a permeability barrier and structural support, composed of different polysaccharides in plants, prokaryotes, and fungi.
- Cell walls act as a filter allowing only molecules smaller than a certain size to pass.
- Cell walls are composed of phospholipids that selectively allow nonpolar molecules to pass.
- Question 12
- It transports glucose molecules along with sodium ions without using ATP.
- It facilitates the diffusion of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane.
- It moves both sodium and potassium ions down their concentration gradients using ATP.
- It moves sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.
- Question 13
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a form of passive transport, while phagocytosis and pinocytosis are active transport processes.
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis transports larger molecules, while phagocytosis and pinocytosis transport smaller molecules.
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a type of exocytosis, while phagocytosis and pinocytosis are types of endocytosis.
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the binding of specific ligands to cell surface receptors before vesicle formation.
- Question 14
- Carrier proteins create pores in the membrane, while channel proteins bind specific solutes.
- Carrier proteins use ATP to transport molecules, while channel proteins do not.
- Carrier proteins undergo a conformational change upon solute binding, while channel proteins provide a continuous passage.
- Carrier proteins transport ions, while channel proteins transport larger molecules.
- Question 15
- They actively transport water against its concentration gradient using ATP.
- They block the movement of water across the membrane to maintain osmotic balance.
- They facilitate the rapid movement of water across the membrane down its concentration gradient.
- They catalyze the breakdown of water molecules into ions to facilitate transport.
- Question 16
- There will be no net movement of water, and the cell size will remain constant.
- The cell will shrink due to water moving out of the cell.
- The cell will actively transport water out to maintain its shape.
- The cell will swell and burst due to water moving into the cell.
- Question 17
- Measure the temperature gradient on either side of the membrane.
- Determine the concentration of lipid molecules on either side of the membrane.
- Assess the amount of ATP available for active water transport.
- Calculate the difference in water potential between two solutions separated by the membrane.
- Question 18
- Eukaryotic cells evolved earlier than prokaryotic cells, resulting in their greater complexity.
- Eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells possess these features.
- Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA organized within a nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.
- Question 19
- Nucleus and mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes and vacuoles
- Ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
- Question 20
- It forces all cellular processes to occur in the cytoplasm, simplifying the regulation of cellular activity.
- It isolates incompatible reactions, increases the efficiency of metabolic reactions, and enables specialized functions.
- It reduces the surface area available for metabolic reactions, thus slowing down cellular processes.
- It minimizes the need for transport of materials within the cell, conserving energy and resources.
List of Flashcards20 flashcards
- Card 1HintBuilding blocks of lifeMemory TipThink P.L.A.N. to remember the four types.
- Card 2HintArrangement in cell membranesMemory TipHeads out, tails in: like hiding from the water.
- Card 3HintEach organelle has its own jobMemory TipThink of a factory with different departments.
- Card 4HintProtein buildersMemory TipRibosomes = Reads Instructions to Build Proteins
- Card 5HintCellular production and shipping network.Memory TipThink of it as the cell's internal postal service.
- Card 6HintER with ribosomesMemory TipRough ER: ribosomes 'riveted' for protein work.
- Card 7HintER without ribosomesMemory TipSmooth ER: lipids and toxins flow 'smoothly'.
- Card 8HintCellular post officeMemory TipThe Golgi 'packages' goodies.
- Card 9HintCellular Recycling CentersMemory TipLysol cleans the cell.
- Card 10HintPowerhouse of the cellMemory TipMighty Mitochondria make mighty ATP!
- Card 11HintMaximize ATP outputMemory TipCristae: create space for cellular energy.
- Card 12HintSite of photosynthesisMemory TipChloro'plasts' capture sunlight 'plus' CO2 makes food!
- Card 13HintProkaryotic ancestorsMemory TipEndo'symbiosis: cells 'embraced' ancient bacteria.
- Card 14HintAffects metabolic ratesMemory TipMore surface, more action!
- Card 15HintDescribes the plasma membraneMemory TipLike a mosaic of moving parts.
- Card 16HintControlling what enters and exitsMemory TipThink of a bouncer at a club.
- Card 17HintNo energy neededMemory TipPassive: no effort to move with gradient flow.
- Card 18HintRequires energyMemory TipActive: against the flow; requires ATP effort.
- Card 19HintEntering the cellMemory TipEndo- 'enter' the cell.
- Card 20HintExiting the cellMemory TipExo- 'exit' the cell.