Cell Structures and Functions

The ratio of an object's image size to its real size.

The measure of the clarity of an image; the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished.

Visible differences in parts of the sample.

Focuses a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, creating 3D images.

Focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen, used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells.

Basic structural and functional unit of life; can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Cells of Bacteria and Archaea domains without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Region in prokaryotic cells containing the DNA.

Cells of protists, fungi, plants, and animals with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

The selective barrier at the surface of a cell that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Semifluid substance inside the plasma membrane.

The nucleus contains most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell

Particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis.

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that houses the DNA

A complex and dynamic player in the cell's compartmental organization.

Network of membranes active in synthesis, modification and transport.

Region of the ER lacking ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxifies.

Region of the ER covered in ribosomes, produces glycoproteins and membranes.

Consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae and is involved in modifying and packaging proteins.

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules.

Cellular process where a cell engulfs another cell forming a food vacuole.

A process where lysosomes recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules.

Large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus that perform diverse maintenance roles.

Sites of cellular respiration, using oxygen to generate ATP.

Sites of photosynthesis, found in plants and algae.

A theory that early eukaryotic cells engulfed prokaryotic cells, leading to the development of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Oxidative organelles that perform various metabolic functions.

Network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.

Interacts with motor proteins to produce motility.

Hollow rods that shape the cell, guide organelle movement, and separate chromosomes during cell division.

Microtubule-organizing center, containing a pair of centrioles in animal cells.

Locomotor appendages of some cells, controlled by microtubules.

Solid rods of twisted double chains of actin subunits, bearing tension and supporting cell shape.

Circular flow of cytoplasm within cells, speeding distribution of materials.

Cytoplasmic extensions that enable cells to move

Fibers that support cell shape and fix organelles in place; more permanent cytoskeleton fixtures.

A meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins.

An extracellular structure that distinguishes plant cells from animal cells.

Channels that perforate plant cell walls, allowing passage of water and small solutes.

Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid.

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