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Questions and Answers
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?
In glycolysis there is a net gain of ______ ATP.
In glycolysis there is a net gain of ______ ATP.
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Why is the citric acid cycle a cyclic pathway rather than a linear pathway?
Why is the citric acid cycle a cyclic pathway rather than a linear pathway?
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?
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In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _______.
In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _______.
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Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
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What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?
What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?
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In mitochondrial electron transport, what is the direct role of O₂?
In mitochondrial electron transport, what is the direct role of O₂?
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How would anaerobic conditions (when no O₂ is present) affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?
How would anaerobic conditions (when no O₂ is present) affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?
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Which statement best explains why more ATP is made per molecule of NADH than per molecule of FADH₂?
Which statement best explains why more ATP is made per molecule of NADH than per molecule of FADH₂?
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Study Notes
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis initiates glucose oxidation with the consumption of ATP.
- A net gain of 2 ATP molecules occurs in the glycolysis process.
Citric Acid Cycle
- The citric acid cycle is cyclic due to the complexity of oxidizing acetate, allowing for more efficient ATP production compared to linear reactions.
- The primary entry point into the citric acid cycle is acetyl CoA, which is derived from pyruvate.
- ATP in the citric acid cycle is produced via substrate-level phosphorylation.
- Acetyl CoA is not a product of the citric acid cycle; instead, it serves as a substrate.
Energy Yield
- Most energy from glucose oxidation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is stored in electron carriers NADH and FADH₂ rather than in ATP directly.
Electron Transport Chain
- Oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, facilitating the production of water.
- Under anaerobic conditions, both electron transport and ATP synthesis cease, highlighting the dependence of oxidative phosphorylation on oxygen.
NADH vs FADH₂
- More ATP molecules are generated per NADH than per FADH₂ due to fewer protons being pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane during electron transport with FADH₂.
- NADH contributions span glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the citric acid cycle, whereas FADH₂ is generated specifically during the citric acid cycle.
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Description
Test your knowledge of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle with these flashcards. Each question focuses on key concepts essential for mastering AP Biology Chapter 9. Improve your understanding of cellular respiration processes and important biochemical reactions.
