AP Bio Chapter 9 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation?

ADP

NADPH

FADH2

ATP (correct)

Hexokinase

In glycolysis there is a net gain of ______ ATP.

Why is the citric acid cycle a cyclic pathway rather than a linear pathway?

Cyclic processes require a different mechanism of ATP synthesis than linear processes.

Redox reactions that simultaneously produce CO2 and NADH occur only in cyclic processes.

It is easier to remove electrons and produce CO2 from compounds with three or more carbon atoms than from a two-carbon compound such as acetyl CoA. (correct)

More ATP is produced per CO2 released in cyclic processes than in linear processes.

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _______.

Substrate-level phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose?

It is stored in NADH and FADH₂. Signup and view all the answers

In mitochondrial electron transport, what is the direct role of O₂?

To function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

How would anaerobic conditions (when no O₂ is present) affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation?

Both electron transport and ATP synthesis would stop. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains why more ATP is made per molecule of NADH than per molecule of FADH₂?

Fewer protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane when FADH₂ is the electron donor than when NADH is the electron donor. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glycolysis

Glycolysis initiates glucose oxidation with the consumption of ATP.
A net gain of 2 ATP molecules occurs in the glycolysis process.

Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle is cyclic due to the complexity of oxidizing acetate, allowing for more efficient ATP production compared to linear reactions.
The primary entry point into the citric acid cycle is acetyl CoA, which is derived from pyruvate.
ATP in the citric acid cycle is produced via substrate-level phosphorylation.
Acetyl CoA is not a product of the citric acid cycle; instead, it serves as a substrate.

Energy Yield

Most energy from glucose oxidation in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is stored in electron carriers NADH and FADH₂ rather than in ATP directly.

Electron Transport Chain

Oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, facilitating the production of water.
Under anaerobic conditions, both electron transport and ATP synthesis cease, highlighting the dependence of oxidative phosphorylation on oxygen.

NADH vs FADH₂

More ATP molecules are generated per NADH than per FADH₂ due to fewer protons being pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane during electron transport with FADH₂.
NADH contributions span glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the citric acid cycle, whereas FADH₂ is generated specifically during the citric acid cycle.

Description

Test your knowledge of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle with these flashcards. Each question focuses on key concepts essential for mastering AP Biology Chapter 9. Improve your understanding of cellular respiration processes and important biochemical reactions.