29 Questions
Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Insomnia
What is the main biological theory underlying depression according to the text?
Monoamine theory
Which anxiety disorder involves a marked fear and avoidance of being alone in a place from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing?
Agoraphobia
What is the prevalence of major depressive disorder among Canadians each year according to the text?
1.3 million
What is the main component of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) according to the text?
Persistent, uncontrollable thoughts and irrational beliefs
Which mood disorder is characterized by disturbances in emotional well-being, energy levels, and overall functioning?
Bipolar disorder
Which type of anxiety is characterized by intense fear of social situations and a fear of being judged or embarrassed by others?
Social Phobia
What does OCD involve?
Recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions)
What is the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or help might not be available?
Agoraphobia
Which type of anxiety involves excessive worry and anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific trigger?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Why might someone with panic disorder experience sudden and intense episodes of fear known as panic attacks?
Not mentioned in the text
According to the text, which model of psychopathology focuses on individual uniqueness and decision making?
Humanistic model
Which model of psychopathology assumes that abnormal behavior can be diagnosed, treated, and cured?
Medical-biological model
In the context of psychopathology, which model focuses on observable behavior and assumes that abnormal behavior is learned through selective reinforcement and punishment?
Behavioural model
Which model of psychopathology focuses on thoughts and assumes that human beings engage in both prosocial and maladjusted behaviors because of their thoughts?
Cognitive model
Which model of psychopathology focuses on family, community, and society, assuming that maladjustment occurs within and because of the context of family, community, and society?
Sociocultural model
According to the text, which model of psychopathology suggests that maladjustments may be expressions of behavior that would once have been normal in evolutionary history?
Evolutionary model
What is the main focus of social reinforcement theory in relation to schizophrenia symptoms?
Influence of social interactions and feedback on symptom expression
Which personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy?
Narcissistic personality disorder
What did Dr. Gordon J. G. Asmundson and Dr. Steven Taylor's survey suggest about the mental health impact of COVID-19?
It is best understood as a multi-faceted syndrome comprising a network of interconnected symptoms
What are the core features assessed by the COVID Stress Scales mentioned in the text?
Danger and contamination fears, socio-economic consequences, xenophobia, traumatic stress symptoms, compulsive checking and reassurance seeking
What are warning signs for suicide mentioned in the text?
Depression, verbal statements expressing hopelessness, daring and risk-taking behavior
What does social reinforcement theory suggest about the influence of social interactions on symptom expression in schizophrenia?
Social interactions and feedback from others can influence the expression of symptoms
Which model emphasizes vulnerability as a person's diminished ability to cope with life events?
The Biopsychosocial Model
What is the early onset period for schizophrenia according to the text?
Late adolescence or early adulthood
Which neurotransmitter dysfunction is implicated in individuals with schizophrenia?
Dopamine and serotonin
What does bipolar disorder involve according to the text?
Behavior varying between two extremes
What is learned helplessness according to the text?
A behavior exhibited when individuals feel they have no control over negative consequences
What is the original name for Bipolar Disorder according to the text?
Manic-Depressive Disorder
Study Notes
- Learned helplessness is a behavior exhibited by people and animals when they feel they have no control over negative consequences.
- Seligman suggests that people's beliefs about the causes of failure can determine whether they will become depressed.
- The Biopsychosocial Model highlights vulnerability as a person's diminished ability to cope with life events.
- The diathesis-stress model explains that the link between vulnerability and stress can initiate depression.
- Bipolar Disorder, originally known as manic-depressive disorder, is a mental health condition where people experience behavior varying between two extremes.
- Mania involves rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, impulsiveness, euphoria, and decreased need for sleep.
- Depression meets the criteria for a major depressive episode.
- About 1%-2% of the population has bipolar disorder, with a strong genetic component.
- Dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder.
- Dissociative identity disorder (previously called multiple personality disorder) involves the existence of two or more distinct personalities or ego states.
- Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental health disorder characterized by a range of symptoms affecting thinking, emotions, and behaviors.
- Early onset is in late adolescence or early adulthood, and it involves lack of reality testing, deterioration of social and cognitive functioning, and inability to meet the demands of life.
- Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations, while negative symptoms include flat affect and disorganized thinking or speech.
- There is a strong genetic component to schizophrenia, and schizophrenia runs in families.
- Neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including enlarged ventricles, increased sulci size, and hypofrontality, have been identified in individuals with schizophrenia.
- Neurotransmitter dysfunction, specifically dopamine and serotonin, is implicated in individuals with schizophrenia.
- Behavioral theories, such as parental confusion, imitation of maladaptive behaviors, and dysfunctional family dynamics, have been proposed to explain the cause of schizophrenia.
- Learned helplessness may contribute to the development of schizophrenia by making individuals passive and unable to cope with their environment.
Test your knowledge about anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Learn about the symptoms, prevalence, and demographic factors associated with these conditions.
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