Anxiety Disorders Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of anxiety disorders?

  • Complete avoidance of all social interactions
  • Absence of emotions
  • Excessive anxiety causing significant distress (correct)
  • Consistent feelings of euphoria
  • Which anxiety disorder is characterized by an intense fear of specific objects or situations?

  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Specific phobia (correct)
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder
  • Which demographic is reported to have a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders?

  • Women (correct)
  • Elderly individuals
  • Children
  • Men
  • Why is it important to teach about anxiety disorders?

    <p>They can impair various aspects of functioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with untreated anxiety disorders?

    <p>Development of other mental health issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of generalized anxiety disorder compared to other anxiety disorders?

    <p>It is marked by persistent and excessive worry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult?

    <p>Agoraphobia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an emotion that may accompany anxiety, characterized by an uncomfortable anticipation of future threats?

    <p>Fear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT part of the criteria for Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Panic attacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum duration for symptoms to be present for a diagnosis of Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is primarily psychological as opposed to physiological?

    <p>Irritability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the distress caused by Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>It is clinically significant and impairs functioning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Generalised Anxiety Disorder, the symptoms must not be better explained by which of the following?

    <p>An environmental factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder, what does 'sleep disturbance' refer to?

    <p>Difficulty falling or staying asleep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'persistent excessive anxiety' imply in Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Anxiety that is uncontrollable and continuous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Carol's self-assessment of her anxiety?

    <p>She considers herself highly strung. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does Carol believe her anxiety has on her studies?

    <p>It negatively impacts her studying and marks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Carol feel about walking alone at night?

    <p>She is always worried about getting mugged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carol do to manage her anxiety before tests?

    <p>She welcomes the anxiety as it helps her focus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carol do when she is accompanied while walking at night?

    <p>She still remains anxious about muggings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activities does Carol enjoy during her free time?

    <p>She enjoys studying, reading, and playing netball. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Carol's anxiety affect her ability to relax?

    <p>She finds it difficult to relax completely due to worries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carol's sleeping pattern look like?

    <p>She cannot get restful sleep as her mind won't switch off. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carol consider about her personality?

    <p>She refers to herself as highly strung. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line biological treatment for Panic Disorder?

    <p>SSRIs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a requirement for the diagnosis of Substance/Medication Induced Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Symptoms must not occur during delirium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is termed as 'acute' for Panic Disorder management?

    <p>Clonazepam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common strategy in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for treating Panic Disorder?

    <p>Cognitive restructuring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with Panic Disorder, how should the follow-up frequency change once stabilized?

    <p>Initially frequent, then reduce to every 3–6 months. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of biological treatment mentioned for Panic Disorder?

    <p>Beta blockers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might benzodiazepines be used in the treatment plan for Panic Disorder?

    <p>When quick response is needed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when involving family in the treatment of Panic Disorder?

    <p>The patient's unique circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Thyroxine induced anxiety disorder?

    <p>Anxiety symptoms arising after medication use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Unspecified Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>There is insufficient information to specify a concrete diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a differential diagnosis for anxiety disorders?

    <p>Dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a phobic disorder?

    <p>A distressing, irrational fear lasting over six months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by anxiety occurring in social situations?

    <p>Social anxiety disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines agoraphobia?

    <p>Fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must an individual experience symptoms for a diagnosis of phobic disorders?

    <p>6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common condition may be mistaken for anxiety disorders in the differential diagnoses?

    <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to all phobic disorders?

    <p>The fear or anxiety is disproportional to the stimulus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Social Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Leaving school or university early. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation would most likely trigger agoraphobia?

    <p>Using public transport during rush hour. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a subtype of Specific Phobia?

    <p>Social Type. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatment is considered psychosocial for phobic disorders?

    <p>Cognitive behaviour therapy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phobic disorder do individuals fear being outside the house alone?

    <p>Agoraphobia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is likely to lead to a phobia of natural environments?

    <p>Fear of heights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically NOT recommended for agoraphobia?

    <p>Biological treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Anxiety Disorders

    Mental disorders characterized by excessive anxiety causing distress or impairment.

    Generalised Anxiety Disorder

    A disorder with persistent, excessive worry about various aspects of life.

    Panic Disorder

    Characterized by recurrent panic attacks and intense fear during attacks.

    Social Anxiety Disorder

    Intense fear or anxiety in social situations due to possible scrutiny.

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    Specific Phobia

    An excessive, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

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    Agoraphobia

    Fear and avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult.

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    Complications of Anxiety Disorders

    Anxiety disorders can lead to complications like mood disorders and substance abuse.

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    Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

    Anxiety disorders are generally treatable, especially with early diagnosis.

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    Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

    A mental health disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry lasting for at least six months.

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    Core Features of GAD

    Persistent anxiety, difficult-to-control worry, not caused by other disorders or medical conditions.

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    Physiological Symptoms

    Physical manifestations of anxiety, e.g., muscle tension and fatigue.

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    Psychological Symptoms

    Mental aspects of anxiety, such as irritability and difficulty concentrating.

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    Sleep Disturbance

    Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or experiencing unsatisfying sleep.

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    Significant Distress

    Clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning.

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    Worry Symptoms

    Includes restlessness, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty focusing; often present more days than not.

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    Duration of Symptoms

    Symptoms of GAD must persist for at least six months.

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    Anxiety

    A feeling of worry or fear, often general or related to specific situations like tests or walking alone at night.

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    Test Anxiety

    Increased stress and nervousness experienced before and during examinations.

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    Social Anxiety

    Fear of negative evaluation or judgment in social situations, which can lead to avoidance behaviors.

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    Physical Symptoms of Anxiety

    Bodily reactions caused by anxiety, like increased heart rate or inability to relax.

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    Avoidance Behavior

    Actions taken to avoid situations that cause anxiety, such as not walking alone at night.

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    Impact on Studying

    How anxiety negatively affects focus and academic performance, especially during tests.

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    Restless Sleep

    Trouble getting restful sleep due to racing thoughts or anxiety.

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    Self-Perception of Anxiety

    How someone views their own anxious nature, often as being 'highly strung' or easily scared.

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    Thyroxine induced anxiety disorder

    Anxiety disorder occurring after thyroxine medication, with panic as a symptom.

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    Other Specified Anxiety Disorder

    Anxiety disorder marked by persistent, unprovoked symptom attacks without panic.

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    Unspecified Anxiety Disorder

    Anxiety disorder without specific criteria met or insufficient information.

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    Differential Diagnoses

    Identifying other conditions that might explain anxiety symptoms.

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    Major Depressive Disorder

    A mood disorder that may coexist with anxiety disorders, causing significant distress.

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    Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

    An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and behaviors.

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    Phobic Disorders

    Disorders characterized by excessive, persistent fears of specific objects or situations.

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    Management Strategies

    Approaches to treat panic disorder, including biological and psychosocial treatments.

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    SSRI

    Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, commonly used for treating panic disorder.

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    Benzodiazepines

    Sedative medications prescribed for quick relief of panic symptoms.

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    Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

    A type of therapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

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    Follow-Up Frequency

    The schedule for checking the patient’s progress, often frequent at first.

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    Substance-Induced Anxiety

    Anxiety caused by substance use, intoxication, or withdrawal.

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    Phobic Disorder Definition

    A condition where fear or anxiety is disproportionate to the phobic stimulus, leading to avoidance or distress.

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    Impact of Phobic Disorders

    Phobic disorders impair functioning and cause significant distress, affecting daily life.

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    Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

    Fear of social situations due to concern about negative evaluation or scrutiny.

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    Consequences of Social Anxiety

    Social anxiety leads to avoidance of school, jobs, and social interactions.

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    Agoraphobia Definition

    Fear of escape or help when experiencing panic in certain situations, leading to avoidance.

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    Situations Causing Agoraphobia

    Fear of using public transport, open spaces, enclosed spaces, or crowds due to panic-like symptoms.

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    Specific Phobia Types

    Types of specific phobias can include animals, heights, blood, etc., distinct from social anxiety or agoraphobia.

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    Treatment for Phobic Disorders

    Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to treat phobias, along with exposure therapy and relaxation techniques.

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    Study Notes

    Adult Anxiety Disorders: Introduction

    • Adult anxiety disorders are a common group of mental disorders involving excessive anxiety causing significant distress or impairment in functioning.
    • Anxiety disorders often begin during adolescence or young adulthood.
    • Anxiety disorders tend to have a chronic course, waxing and waning over decades.
    • A significant portion of those with anxiety disorders will respond to treatment, but many do not achieve a complete cure.
    • Approximately a third of those with anxiety disorders are asymptomatic, a third significantly improve, and a third maintain substantial symptoms.
    • Approximately 10% of those with anxiety disorders have poor outcomes.

    About Anxiety Disorder Lectures

    • Topics covered in the lectures include: generalized anxiety disorder, management of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorders, other anxiety disorders, and stopping treatment.

    In This Lecture

    • Topics covered in this lecture include: classification of adult anxiety disorders, normal vs. abnormal anxiety, course of anxiety disorders, etiology, and case studies.

    Classification: Adult Anxiety Disorders

    • Specific phobia
    • Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
    • Panic disorder
    • Agoraphobia
    • Generalized anxiety disorder
    • Substance/Medication induced anxiety disorder
    • Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition
    • Other specified anxiety disorder
    • Unspecified anxiety disorder

    Why Do We Teach The Anxiety Disorders?

    • Anxiety disorders are very common, impacting 1-4% of the adult population.
    • They are more common in women.
    • They impair functioning in work, interpersonal relationships, and recreational activities.
    • They often lead to feelings of demoralization, avoidance, and a sense of being misunderstood by others.
    • Anxiety disorders frequently lead to complications such as other anxiety disorders, mood and depressive disorders, and substance use disorders.
    • The suicide risk is increased in people with anxiety disorders, though not as high as those with major depressive disorder (MDD).
    • These disorders have wide differential diagnosis, overlapping with other mental and medical conditions.
    • They are very treatable especially when diagnosed early.

    The Anxiety Disorders: What Are They About?

    • Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by excessive anxiety causing clinically significant distress or impairment in general functioning.

    Description: What is an Emotion?

    • An emotion is a subjective feeling state accompanied by subjective experience, physiological change, and behavior.

    Description: What is Anxiety?

    • Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling state anticipated in anticipation of a future threat.

    Description: What is Fear?

    • Fear is when the threat or perceived threat is imminent.

    Description: What is Stress?

    • Stress is the sum of all physiological and psychological responses to an event or situation requiring adjustment.

    Description: What is a Stressor?

    • A stressor is an event or situation requiring adjustment.

    Normal vs. Abnormal Anxiety / Fear

    • Normal Anxiety/Fear: Constructive, no impact on functioning, proportional subjective distress, proportional duration, proportional physical phenomena.
    • Abnormal Anxiety/Fear: Destructive, negative effect on functioning, excessive subjective distress, excessive duration, excessive physical phenomena.

    Course of The Anxiety Disorders?

    • Anxiety disorders tend to be chronic, often starting in adolescence or young adulthood.
    • The course of the disorder can wax and wane over many decades.
    • Most people respond to treatment, but complete cures are uncommon.
    • Outcomes vary greatly; about one-third are asymptomatic, one-third significantly improve, one-third continue with significant symptoms, and 10% do poorly.

    What about Etiology?

    • There are many theories regarding the etiology of anxiety disorders.
    • These include biological and psychological factors.
    • The exact cause of idiopathic anxiety disorders is currently unknown.

    Case: Slide 1 to 3

    • Case studies of individual experiences with anxiety disorders, including a young South African law student named Carol, are presented.
    • Information provided includes her personal traits, her experiences with anxiety, her responses to testing situations, and aspects of her daily life.
    • The case studies illustrate daily life with both types of anxiety.

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder

    • Criteria A. Excessive anxiety and worry more days than not for at least six months, about a number of events or activities.
    • Criteria B. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.
    • Criteria C. Associated with three or more of six symptoms (e.g., restlessness, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances) present for most days over six months.
    • Criteria D. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
    • Criteria E. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
    • Criteria F. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder.
    • This is a persistent excessive anxiety and difficult-to-control worry for at least six months.
    • It has psychological and physiological symptoms causing significant functioning impairment that is not explainable by another mental disorder or substance.

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder- Core clinical features

    • These features are essential. Without them, a GAD diagnosis is not possible.
    • Examples include, but are not limited to restlessness, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances.

    Generalized Anxiety Disorder- Characteristic clinical features

    • Not absolutely required for a diagnosis, but essential for a comprehensive understanding of the person.

    Phobic Disorders

    • Phobic disorders involve excessive, persistent (at least 6 months) unreasonable fear or anxiety towards circumscribed stimuli (such as an object or situation).
    • The phobic stimulus typically evokes fear or anxiety disproportionate to the actual threat.
    • Avoidance of the phobic stimulus is common, and enduring the stimulus is often associated with significant distress and impairment.
    • These disorders impair functionality or cause significant distress for the person, are not caused by substances or medical conditions, and must not be mistaken for any other mental disorder.

    Social Anxiety Disorder

    • Social anxiety disorder is characterized by fear and anxiety towards social situations where the person anticipates negative evaluation.
    • Consequences can be avoidance of social situations, leading to restricted life activities or avoidance of social activities.

    Agoraphobia

    • Agoraphobia involves fear and avoidance of situations where the person anticipates difficulty escaping or receiving help if they experience panic-like symptoms, other incapacitating symptoms, or embarrassing symptoms.
    • People with agoraphobia may experience problems leaving home, using public transportation or public spaces, or being in crowds. The fear and avoidance limit daily life and lead to impairment.

    Specific Phobia

    • Specific phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by fear and anxiety directed towards a particular object or situation.
    • Examples of specific phobia subtypes include animal type (fear of animals), natural environment type (fear of heights), blood-injection-injury type (fear of blood or injuries), situational type (fear of enclosed spaces, flying), and other type.

    Phobic Disorders: Management

    • Work-up: See previous generalized anxiety disorder work-up procedures.
    • Psychosocial treatment: Includes cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for all subtypes; exposure and response prevention, relaxation techniques and restructuring of thoughts.
    • Biological treatment: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) and venlafaxine are sometimes used for social anxiety disorder.

    Anxiety Disorders: Stopping Treatment

    • Many anxiety disorders are chronic, with waxing and waning patterns.
    • Relapse after stopping medication is relatively high, often over 90% in some cases.
    • Long-term treatment is often necessary.
    • Treatment discontinuation may be possible after one year of complete symptom remission, functional restoration, and a sense of well-being and patient's readiness.
    • Treatment must be stopped slowly over several months and may need booster sessions every five years for patients who have received cognitive behavioral therapy.

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    Test your knowledge on anxiety disorders with this quiz. Explore key characteristics, types, prevalence, and complications associated with anxiety disorders. Learn about their impact and the importance of education regarding mental health.

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