Anxiety Disorders Overview

Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety is a negative mood characterized by physical tension and apprehension about the future.
• Panic attacks are exaggerated fear responses, quickly reaching a peak within a minute. These are often unexpected.
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is complicated by the worry and fear in daily life scenarios.
• Agoraphobia is a fear of places or situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable, causing feelings of being trapped.
• Specific phobias are focused anxieties directly related to specific objects or situations.
• Blood-injury-injection phobia is a significant fear of blood, injury, or injections.
• Situational phobias involve fears of specific situations.
• Natural environment phobias involve fears of natural environments or weather.
• Separation anxiety is excessive anxiety related to separation from home or significant others.
• Social anxiety disorder involves anxiety about making a mistake or being embarrassed in social situations.

Somatic Disorders

• Somatoform disorder involves unexplained physical symptoms.
• Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) is a fear of illness.
• Somatization disorder occurs when a person feels excessive anxiety about their physical symptoms.
• Conversion disorder refers to anxiety turning into physical symptoms.
• Malingering is the intentional faking of symptoms for gain.
• Factitious disorder involves intentionally faking illness for attention.

Mood Disorders

• Persistent Depressive Disorder is mild but persistent depression lasting for at least two years.
• Major depressive episodes involve loss of pleasure and interest in activities for at least two weeks.
• Manic episodes include high energy, excitement, or euphoria.
• Hypomania involves manic symptoms but to a lesser extent.
• Bipolar disorder I: features depressive periods alternating with full manic periods.
• Bipolar disorder II: features depressive periods alternating with hypomanic periods.
• Cyclothymic disorder is a mood disorder with frequent fluctuations between periods of mild depressive symptoms and hypomanic symptoms.
• Dysphoric manic/mixed episodes involve sadness, anxiety, or depression.

Sexual Dysfunction

• Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder is a lack of interest in sexual activity.
• Erectile disorder involves recurring inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
• Female sexual interest/arousal disorder involves inability to achieve or maintain adequate lubrication.
• Female orgasmic disorder is an inability to reach orgasm.
• Premature ejaculation is ejaculation before desired.
• Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is pain or tension during sexual activity.

Control Disorders

• Intermittent explosive disorder features episodes of explosive anger.
• Conduct disorder involves aggressive and disobedient behaviors.
• Oppositional defiant disorder involves uncooperative and hostile behavior.
• Kleptomania is an irresistible urge to steal.
• Pyromania is an irresistible urge to start fires.

Personality Disorders

• Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by unusual and eccentric behaviors.
• Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by distrust and suspicion.
• Schizoid personality disorder involves a lack of interest in social relationships.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd beliefs, eccentric behavior, and discomfort with close relationships.
• Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors.
• Antisocial personality disorder involves disregard for the rights of others, impulsivity, and deceit.
• Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable moods, self-image, and relationships.
• Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by a strong need for attention, dramatic behavior, and exaggerated emotional expression.
• Narcissistic personality disorder involves an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
• Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious or fearful behaviors.
• Avoidant personality disorder involves sensitivity to rejection.
• Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need for care and fears of separation.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder involves preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

Schizophrenia

• Positive symptoms involve distortions of normal functions and include delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (false sensory perceptions), disorganized thinking, and disorganized or abnormal motor behavior.
• Negative symptoms involve absence or diminution of normal functions and behaviours, like flattening of affect, alogia (poverty of speech), avolition (lack of initiation), and anhedonia (lack of pleasure).
• Delusional disorders are characterized by having delusions but are without the additional symptoms of schizophrenia.

Psychotic Disorders

• Schizophreniform disorder has the characteristics of schizophrenia, but the duration is shorter.
• Schizoaffective disorder involves mood disorder symptoms, along with some symptoms of schizophrenia.
• Substance-induced psychotic disorder is caused by substance use or withdrawal.
• Psychotic disorder associated with another medical condition occurs because of another medical issue.
• Attenuated psychosis syndrome is a condition where a person exhibits risk factors for schizophrenia.
• Shared psychotic disorder is a condition where one person develops delusions because of another person.
• Brief psychotic disorder is a condition where psychotic symptoms last for a short time.

Neurocognitive Disorders

• Delirium is a sudden, fluctuating impairment of awareness and cognition.
• Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes significant cognitive decline.
• Vascular dementia is caused by damage to blood vessels in the brain.
• Head trauma can lead to neurocognitive issues.
• HIV and related infections can damage the brain and affect cognition

Other Cognitive Issues

• Aphasia involves language impairments.
• Pick's disease is a type of frontotemporal dementia.
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare, fatal brain disorder.
• Amnestic disorders involve memory loss or difficulty learning new information.

Mental Health Services & Ethical Issues

• Mental health treatment must consider individual safety versus rights, ethical issues, and societal views.
• Civil commitment refers to the legal process used to confine individuals against their will.
• Legal standards for admission, treatment, and criteria for needing treatment must be met.
• Individuals must meet the legal criteria, including safety and mental health issues.
• Treatment procedures vary by state, leading to potential variations in the legal process.
• Courts can restrict government authority in the case of non-dangerous individuals.
• Criminalization of mental illness can occur in instances inadequate treatment or lack of care and resources.
• Deinstitutionalization involves releasing individuals from mental hospitals.
• Debates exist regarding mental health's effect on individuals' acts.
• Legal definitions vary by state affecting procedures.
• The insanity defense may be used to reduce culpability for criminal acts.
• Concepts of Mens rea (guilty mind) and Actus rea (guilty act) are integral in legal processes.
• The Durham rule and American law institute (ALI) standards are also legal considerations in these situations.
• The M'Naghten rule is a legal standard where a defendant isn't held accountable for their criminal actions if they were unaware of the wrongfulness.
• Criminal commitment is a legal process for individuals accused of crimes, deemed mentally unfit to stand trial, to undergo examinations.
• Therapeutic jurisprudence is a way to use behavioral principles to help those in the judicial system.
• Competence to stand trial is a legal standard to assess a person's ability to understand legal proceedings.
• Duty to warn is an obligation for mental health professionals to warn potential victims of threatened harm.
• Patients' rights in mental health settings have limitations regarding personal choices, care, and communication.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that includes persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity- impulsivity.
• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves persistent difficulties in social interaction patterns, communication, and repetitive behaviors or interests.
• Intellectual disabilities involve significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
• Specific learning disorder is a condition where learning difficulties are present in specific areas, like reading or mathematics.
• Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by both motor and vocal tics.
• Fluency disorders involve speech difficulties.
• Language disorder is a communication problem where a person has issues using language appropriately.
• Social (pragmatic) communication disorder involves difficulties with the social aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication.

Substance-Related Addictive Disorder

• Substance use disorders involve problematic patterns of substance use resulting in impairment and distress.
• Substance-induced disorders are immediate health consequences from substance use or withdrawal.
• Alcohol use disorders involve inability to control alcohol use, resulting in problems in daily life and intoxication or withdrawal symptoms.
• Caffeine disorders involve distress or impairment related to extreme caffeine use or withdrawal symptoms.
• Cannabis disorders involve problematic patterns of use that interfere with daily life.
• Inhalant use disorder is the use of chemicals to achieve euphoric feelings.
• Opioids, LSD, psilocybin cause severe effects, like hallucinations, convulsions, and mood shifts.

Non-Substance-Related Disorder

• Gambling disorder is an addictive behavior with significant negative consequences.
• Pathological gamblers face severe consequences.
• Brain scans might show decreased brain activity in impulse-regulating regions.

Explore the different types of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, and various phobias. This quiz will test your understanding of the characteristics and implications of anxiety in everyday life. Perfect for students studying psychology or mental health topics.