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Anxiety disorders are characterized by mental and physical symptoms of anxiety occurring in the presence of organic brain disease.
False
In generalized anxiety disorders, anxiety is described as intermittent and arises in specific circumstances.
False
The symptoms of anxiety can occur in any of the anxiety disorders, but each disorder has a characteristic pattern.
True
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
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In panic disorder, anxiety is related to specific circumstances.
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Phobic anxiety disorders are characterized by continuous anxiety regardless of circumstances.
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The distinguishing features of the various anxiety disorders include similarities in clinical picture and aetiology.
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Anxiety has been recognized only recently as a symptom present in various psychiatric disorders.
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In DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified with anxiety disorders.
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ICD-10 includes a category for mixed anxiety-depressive disorder.
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Panic disorder is classified under 'other anxiety disorders' in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
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The median prevalence of social phobia in the 12-month studies is 4.9%.
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Agoraphobia is classified the same way in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
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Specific phobia has a higher prevalence than generalized anxiety disorder according to the studies.
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ICD-10 does not categorize any anxiety disorders under one primary group.
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The order of presentation for anxiety disorders in DSM-5 is identical to that of ICD-10.
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Freud originally classified anxiety disorders into anxiety neurosis and panic neurosis.
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Phobic disorders were first systematically studied by Le Camus in the 19th century.
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The term agoraphobia was first introduced by Westphal in 1872.
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According to Freud, anxiety neurosis was primarily caused by sexual conflicts.
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Specific phobias are defined as fear of things commonly feared by most people.
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Simple phobias generally manifest during adolescence.
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The distinction between anxiety neurosis and anxiety hysteria is based on the predominance of psychological versus physical symptoms.
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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is recognized as a type of anxiety disorder.
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The first group of phobias identified by Freud were known as common phobias.
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Researchers in the 1960s recognized three groups of phobias: simple phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobia.
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Study Notes
Terminology and Classification
- Anxiety is a prominent symptom in various psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety and obsessional disorders.
- ICD-10 and DSM-5 classify obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) separately from anxiety disorders, differing from previous editions.
Anxiety Disorders
- Characterized by severe mental and physical symptoms of anxiety without underlying organic brain disease.
- Main types of anxiety disorders include:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Continuous anxiety that fluctuates in intensity.
- Phobic Anxiety Disorder: Intermittent anxiety triggered by specific circumstances.
- Panic Disorder: Intermittent anxiety not linked to identifiable situations.
Development of Ideas about Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety has been recognized for long as a symptom in various psychiatric conditions.
- Freud initially categorized patients with phobias as suffering from anxiety neurosis, later refining this to two types:
- Anxiety Neurosis: Mainly psychological symptoms.
- Anxiety Hysteria (now Agoraphobia): Mainly physical symptoms.
Historical Context
- Phobic disorders were acknowledged since antiquity; systematic studies began in the 18th century.
- Westphal highlighted agoraphobia in 1872, focusing on its anxiety component.
- Freud categorized phobias into common and specific types in 1895, with distinctions evolving over time.
Modern Classification of Phobias
- Phobias grouped into:
- Simple Phobias: Occur in childhood.
- Social Phobia: Typically arise in adolescence.
- Agoraphobia: Usually develops in early adulthood.
- Observations noted that phobias with panic attacks have differing treatment outcomes.
Current Classification of Anxiety Disorders
- Presently classified into:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Phobic Anxiety Disorders (including simple, social, and agoraphobic)
- Panic Disorder
Relation to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- The connection between anxiety disorders and OCD remains debated; historically viewed as closely related.
- Today, DSM-5 categorizes OCD separately along with obsessive-compulsive related disorders.
Classification System Overview
- ICD-10 includes both phobic anxiety and other anxiety disorders.
- DSM-5 classifies anxiety disorders distinctly, highlighting differences in nomenclature and groupings.
- Notably, DSM-5 lacks a category for mixed anxiety-depressive disorder found in ICD-10.
Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders categories in ICD-10 include phobic anxiety and other anxiety disorders like panic and generalized anxiety disorders.
- A meta-analysis of European studies shows varying prevalence rates for different anxiety conditions, for example:
- Specific Phobia: 3.1% - 11.1% (Median: 4.9%)
- Social Phobia: 0.6% - 7.9% (Median: 2.0%)
- Panic Disorder: 0.6% - 3.1% (Median: 1.2%)
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: 0.2% - 4.3% (Median: 2.0%)
- Agoraphobia: 0.1% - 3.1% (Median: 1.2%)
- OCD: 0.1% - 2.3% (Median: 0.7%)
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Description
Explore the distinctions and similarities between anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This quiz covers key terminologies and classifications found in ICD-10 and DSM-5. Test your knowledge on the symptoms and classifications of these disorders.
