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Questions and Answers
Anxiety disorders are characterized by mental and physical symptoms of anxiety occurring in the presence of organic brain disease.
Anxiety disorders are characterized by mental and physical symptoms of anxiety occurring in the presence of organic brain disease.
False (B)
In generalized anxiety disorders, anxiety is described as intermittent and arises in specific circumstances.
In generalized anxiety disorders, anxiety is described as intermittent and arises in specific circumstances.
False (B)
The symptoms of anxiety can occur in any of the anxiety disorders, but each disorder has a characteristic pattern.
The symptoms of anxiety can occur in any of the anxiety disorders, but each disorder has a characteristic pattern.
True (A)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
In panic disorder, anxiety is related to specific circumstances.
In panic disorder, anxiety is related to specific circumstances.
Phobic anxiety disorders are characterized by continuous anxiety regardless of circumstances.
Phobic anxiety disorders are characterized by continuous anxiety regardless of circumstances.
The distinguishing features of the various anxiety disorders include similarities in clinical picture and aetiology.
The distinguishing features of the various anxiety disorders include similarities in clinical picture and aetiology.
Anxiety has been recognized only recently as a symptom present in various psychiatric disorders.
Anxiety has been recognized only recently as a symptom present in various psychiatric disorders.
In DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified with anxiety disorders.
In DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified with anxiety disorders.
ICD-10 includes a category for mixed anxiety-depressive disorder.
ICD-10 includes a category for mixed anxiety-depressive disorder.
Panic disorder is classified under 'other anxiety disorders' in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
Panic disorder is classified under 'other anxiety disorders' in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
The median prevalence of social phobia in the 12-month studies is 4.9%.
The median prevalence of social phobia in the 12-month studies is 4.9%.
Agoraphobia is classified the same way in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
Agoraphobia is classified the same way in both ICD-10 and DSM-5.
Specific phobia has a higher prevalence than generalized anxiety disorder according to the studies.
Specific phobia has a higher prevalence than generalized anxiety disorder according to the studies.
ICD-10 does not categorize any anxiety disorders under one primary group.
ICD-10 does not categorize any anxiety disorders under one primary group.
The order of presentation for anxiety disorders in DSM-5 is identical to that of ICD-10.
The order of presentation for anxiety disorders in DSM-5 is identical to that of ICD-10.
Freud originally classified anxiety disorders into anxiety neurosis and panic neurosis.
Freud originally classified anxiety disorders into anxiety neurosis and panic neurosis.
Phobic disorders were first systematically studied by Le Camus in the 19th century.
Phobic disorders were first systematically studied by Le Camus in the 19th century.
The term agoraphobia was first introduced by Westphal in 1872.
The term agoraphobia was first introduced by Westphal in 1872.
According to Freud, anxiety neurosis was primarily caused by sexual conflicts.
According to Freud, anxiety neurosis was primarily caused by sexual conflicts.
Specific phobias are defined as fear of things commonly feared by most people.
Specific phobias are defined as fear of things commonly feared by most people.
Simple phobias generally manifest during adolescence.
Simple phobias generally manifest during adolescence.
The distinction between anxiety neurosis and anxiety hysteria is based on the predominance of psychological versus physical symptoms.
The distinction between anxiety neurosis and anxiety hysteria is based on the predominance of psychological versus physical symptoms.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is recognized as a type of anxiety disorder.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is recognized as a type of anxiety disorder.
The first group of phobias identified by Freud were known as common phobias.
The first group of phobias identified by Freud were known as common phobias.
Researchers in the 1960s recognized three groups of phobias: simple phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobia.
Researchers in the 1960s recognized three groups of phobias: simple phobias, social phobia, and agoraphobia.
Flashcards
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and anxiety about various aspects of life without an identifiable cause.
Phobic Anxiety Disorder
Phobic Anxiety Disorder
A form of anxiety disorder where specific situations or objects trigger intense fear and avoidance.
Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder
A condition marked by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, leading to intense fear and physical symptoms like heart palpitations.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder
Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder
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International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
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Anxiety as a Symptom
Anxiety as a Symptom
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Anxiety Neurosis
Anxiety Neurosis
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Anxiety Hysteria (now Agoraphobia)
Anxiety Hysteria (now Agoraphobia)
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Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia
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Social Phobia
Social Phobia
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Simple Phobia
Simple Phobia
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Westphal's Studies on Agoraphobia
Westphal's Studies on Agoraphobia
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Freud's Classification of Phobias
Freud's Classification of Phobias
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Modern Categorization of Phobias
Modern Categorization of Phobias
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Historical Recognition of Phobic Disorders
Historical Recognition of Phobic Disorders
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Current Classification of Anxiety Disorders
Current Classification of Anxiety Disorders
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Relationship between Anxiety Disorders and OCD
Relationship between Anxiety Disorders and OCD
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DSM-5's Classification of OCD
DSM-5's Classification of OCD
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ICD-10 vs. DSM-5
ICD-10 vs. DSM-5
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Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
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Prevalence Rates of Anxiety Disorders in Europe
Prevalence Rates of Anxiety Disorders in Europe
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Specific Phobia Prevalence
Specific Phobia Prevalence
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Social Phobia Prevalence
Social Phobia Prevalence
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Panic Disorder Prevalence
Panic Disorder Prevalence
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder Prevalence
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Prevalence
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Agoraphobia Prevalence
Agoraphobia Prevalence
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OCD Prevalence
OCD Prevalence
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Study Notes
Terminology and Classification
- Anxiety is a prominent symptom in various psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety and obsessional disorders.
- ICD-10 and DSM-5 classify obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) separately from anxiety disorders, differing from previous editions.
Anxiety Disorders
- Characterized by severe mental and physical symptoms of anxiety without underlying organic brain disease.
- Main types of anxiety disorders include:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Continuous anxiety that fluctuates in intensity.
- Phobic Anxiety Disorder: Intermittent anxiety triggered by specific circumstances.
- Panic Disorder: Intermittent anxiety not linked to identifiable situations.
Development of Ideas about Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety has been recognized for long as a symptom in various psychiatric conditions.
- Freud initially categorized patients with phobias as suffering from anxiety neurosis, later refining this to two types:
- Anxiety Neurosis: Mainly psychological symptoms.
- Anxiety Hysteria (now Agoraphobia): Mainly physical symptoms.
Historical Context
- Phobic disorders were acknowledged since antiquity; systematic studies began in the 18th century.
- Westphal highlighted agoraphobia in 1872, focusing on its anxiety component.
- Freud categorized phobias into common and specific types in 1895, with distinctions evolving over time.
Modern Classification of Phobias
- Phobias grouped into:
- Simple Phobias: Occur in childhood.
- Social Phobia: Typically arise in adolescence.
- Agoraphobia: Usually develops in early adulthood.
- Observations noted that phobias with panic attacks have differing treatment outcomes.
Current Classification of Anxiety Disorders
- Presently classified into:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Phobic Anxiety Disorders (including simple, social, and agoraphobic)
- Panic Disorder
Relation to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- The connection between anxiety disorders and OCD remains debated; historically viewed as closely related.
- Today, DSM-5 categorizes OCD separately along with obsessive-compulsive related disorders.
Classification System Overview
- ICD-10 includes both phobic anxiety and other anxiety disorders.
- DSM-5 classifies anxiety disorders distinctly, highlighting differences in nomenclature and groupings.
- Notably, DSM-5 lacks a category for mixed anxiety-depressive disorder found in ICD-10.
Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders categories in ICD-10 include phobic anxiety and other anxiety disorders like panic and generalized anxiety disorders.
- A meta-analysis of European studies shows varying prevalence rates for different anxiety conditions, for example:
- Specific Phobia: 3.1% - 11.1% (Median: 4.9%)
- Social Phobia: 0.6% - 7.9% (Median: 2.0%)
- Panic Disorder: 0.6% - 3.1% (Median: 1.2%)
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: 0.2% - 4.3% (Median: 2.0%)
- Agoraphobia: 0.1% - 3.1% (Median: 1.2%)
- OCD: 0.1% - 2.3% (Median: 0.7%)
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