Anxiety Disorders

Fear is a response to a real threat, while anxiety is a response to an imagined threat

Avoidance and cautious behavior

By the objects or situations that trigger anxiety

<p>They are a type of anxiety response that can occur in any anxiety disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety often accompanies muscle tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worry is self-initiated, while obsessive thoughts are unbidden</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of repetitive thoughts they involve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid emotional information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They both involve repetitive negative thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often co-occur as comorbidities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>28%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased avoidance behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic related worry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic disorder is associated with reduced physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High comorbidity with anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic disorder is characterized by unexpected panic attacks, while agoraphobia is characterized by avoidance behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic disorder is a chronic condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic disorder has a significant impact on daily life, including work and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic disorder often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus on somatic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic human need for acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They propose that multiple psychological processes contribute to SAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>68-88%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased oxygen binding to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypocapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH levels and cerebral blood flow return to near normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypocapnia increases oxygen binding to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced cerebral blood flow and decreased oxygen availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How individuals perceive and interpret the stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the impact of the stressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Problem-focused coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stronger reaction to stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the impact of stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase feelings of control in feared situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased anxiety and avoidance behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety behaviors contribute to the maintenance of clinical anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distraction is associated with higher anxiety reduction and less avoidance behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased anxiety and catastrophic beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attentional processes contribute to the maintenance of anxiety by interfering with processing of feared information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased anxiety and avoidance behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive strategies are more effective in reducing anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety behaviors contribute to the maintenance and exacerbation of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrational beliefs that are not empirically supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptom stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysfunctional schemas related to threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive anxiety and fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the perceived likelihood of harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more negative, rigid, and less flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the reappraisal of a situation to reduce anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety is a result of maladaptive cognitive schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains anxiety by preventing the disconfirmation of feared outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary appraisal involves the evaluation of the situation, while secondary appraisal involves the evaluation of one's ability to cope</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are overestimated and catastrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the automatic processing of information related to threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive schemas are a cause of anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To change maladaptive cognitive schemas and reduce anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a rebound effect of negative thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can exacerbate symptoms of anxiety and maintain the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce anxiety in the short-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They differ in the relative importance they assign to cognitive processes and safety behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains negative core beliefs and assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive models inform the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They influence the processing of information and the development of safety behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worry is focused on the future, while rumination is focused on the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It interferes with daily activities and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To update core beliefs and assumptions and reduce safety behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of developing anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the interpretation and validation of stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased dominance of threatening information in the rule-based system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of persistence, repetition, or development of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the interpretation and validation of stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression is characterized by negative self-evaluation, while social anxiety is characterized by fear of negative evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depressive symptoms are independent of social anxiety in terms of cognitive biases, but both are related to general negative biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overestimation of the cost of negative events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depressive symptoms are related to general negative biases, which can contribute to social anxiety, but are distinct from social anxiety-specific biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distinction between depressive symptoms and social anxiety is important for understanding the underlying cognitive mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment was only partially successful in reducing safety behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop further the patients' ability to make changes in their attention and safety behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To find ways to increase the magnitude of changes in attention and safety behaviors achieved in the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment's results suggest that further development of the patients' abilities is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment was partially effective in reducing anxiety symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OCD is more likely to have a chronic course</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression is more likely to develop after OCD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar to adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the likelihood of full remission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comorbidity has no effect on treatment outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frequency of the thoughts increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It strengthens the belief that the thought is meaningful and important</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents habituation to the thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual tries to suppress the thoughts, leading to a later increase in thought frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought suppression increases emotional reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need to control internal and diffuse feelings of incompleteness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivation behind the symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impulsions and urges to perform compulsive actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To strive for perfectness and counteract feelings of incompleteness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incompleteness is a motivator of OCD symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve a sense of perfectness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obsessions are thoughts, compulsions are actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insight into the motivators of OCD symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To counteract feelings of incompleteness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perfectionism is a motivator of OCD symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they have learned to associate those situations or objects with feelings of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It interprets ambiguous stimuli as threatening, leading to increased anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety is a learned behavior that can be unlearned through therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders, but are not the sole cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear is a response to a specific stimulus, while anxiety is a general feeling of unease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major depressive disorder (MDD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The duration of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PTSS is associated with decreased marital satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>79%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The identification of a specific stressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PTSS is associated with worsened physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of symptoms, with PTSS characterized by hyperarousal and MDD characterized by anhedonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>59%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PTSS is associated with worsened social relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop an effective treatment plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on a broader range of PTSS-related variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to personal and therapeutic reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant decrease in dropout rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is particularly useful for PTSS patients with accident trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce symptomatology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the unintentional retrieval of past experiences while performing daily tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased likelihood of unintentional recall of traumatic events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One route involves direct triggering, while the other involves higher-order, meaning-based strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased likelihood of unintentional recall of traumatic events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor integration of traumatic events into autobiographical memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help the organism make predictions about what will happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty learning that there is no danger when exposed to triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorganized and difficult to retrieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the unintentional retrieval of past experiences while performing daily tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct triggering of traumatic memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood abuse, particularly sexual or physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve emotional regulation and interpersonal skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By modifying the traumatic memory's narrative structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is less distressing than traditional exposure therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant reduction in PTSS symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing the degree of work memory load</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve the processing of emotional experiences and reduce OCD symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are linked to a sense of responsibility and self-blame</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant reduction in OCD symptoms and improvement in emotional processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the degree of work memory load and improve emotional processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are highly emotional and distressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By improving the processing of emotional experiences and reducing negative cognitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant reduction in OCD symptoms and improvement in emotional processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a manifestation of underlying emotional experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrusive images trigger compulsive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers