20 Questions
What is the widely accepted model of personality traits mentioned in the text?
The Five-Factor Model
Which trait refers to the tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings, and behaviors?
Openness
Which trait involves being on time for appointments, following rules, and being hardworking?
Conscientiousness
Which trait is characterized by being talkative, sociable, and enjoying the company of others?
Extraversion
Which treatment has shown greater long-term effects for anxiety disorders?
Exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapies
What personality traits are included in the Personality 5-Factor model?
Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness
What is the main difference between personality disorders and anxiety disorders?
Personality disorders arise from combined maladaptive personality traits, while anxiety disorders are related to specific fears and worries.
Which personality disorder involves irrational distrust and suspicion of others and their motives?
Paranoid personality disorder
What is neuroticism?
The tendency to frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry, and sadness, and being interpersonally sensitive.
What are anxiety disorders influenced by?
Biological (genetic), psychological, and environmental factors.
What are phobias?
Irrational fears of specific objects or situations that substantially interfere with a person's ability to function.
What is the DSM-5?
The authoritative manual for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders, providing a common language and standard criteria.
What is specific phobia characterized by?
Intense fear of a specific object or situation
What distinguishes blood-injury-injection (BII) type phobias from other specific phobias?
Marked drop in heart rate and blood pressure, and even fainting
What distinguishes social anxiety disorder (SAD) from shyness?
Involves an intense fear of social situations leading to avoidance or distress
How can panic disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder impact individuals?
Significantly impact an individual's ability to function in daily life
What is a common factor contributing to the development of social anxiety?
Experiencing bullying and harsh criticism during childhood
What percentage of adults with social phobia experienced severe teasing and bullying in childhood?
92%
What are some characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Intrusive memories and nightmares, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance
What is a requirement for receiving a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Engaging in obsessions and/or compulsions that cause significant distress or impairment in functioning
Study Notes
Understanding Anxiety and Trauma-Related Disorders
- Social anxiety may develop due to harsh criticism and punishment during childhood, or from experiencing social trauma like bullying.
- 92% of adults with social phobia experienced severe teasing and bullying in childhood, compared to 35-50% among people with other anxiety disorders.
- Individuals may develop unexpected panic attacks in response to anxiety-provoking social situations, leading to a fear of future panic attacks in similar situations.
- Trauma is a reality for many, with stories of war, natural disasters, and assault dominating the news.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusive memories and nightmares, avoidance of trauma reminders, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance.
- Individuals with PTSD may feel a sense of foreshortened future, have difficulty remembering aspects of the traumatic event, and experience anger and jumpiness.
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves persistent irrational thoughts and compulsive behaviors, such as repetitive washing or checking due to obsessions about contamination or doubts.
- To receive a diagnosis of OCD, a person must experience obsessive thoughts and/or compulsions that seem irrational or nonsensical, but that keep coming into their mind.
- Obsessions may include doubting thoughts, thoughts of contamination, or aggressive thoughts, while compulsions are repetitive or excessive behaviors driven by distress.
- Engaging in obsessions and/or compulsions must take up a significant amount of the person’s time, at least an hour per day, and must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning to meet diagnostic criteria for OCD.
- OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that are difficult to resist and cause significant anxiety if not carried out.
- Individuals with OCD may feel driven to repeat behaviors several times before feeling satisfied, and the behaviors must be repetitive or excessive, causing distress if not carried out.
Test your knowledge of anxiety and trauma-related disorders with this quiz. Explore topics such as social anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Learn about the symptoms and potential causes of these mental health conditions.
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