Anxiety and Grief Relationship Quiz

Emotional Well-being, Mind-Body Interactions, and Resilience

• Mental health impacts power, control, and resilience in personal, family, work, and community relationships
• Loneliness can worsen mental well-being, affecting social connections
• Nurses have the power to create supportive environments where patients feel heard, thrive, and adapt.

Basic Concepts

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The Power of Balance

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Balance in Mental Health

• Emotional regulation
• Cognitive flexibility
• Stress management
• Social well-being
• Self-care and rest
• Purpose and fulfillment

Stigma: No More Silence... Standing Up and Speaking Out

• What is stigma?
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• Take 5... stop the stigma

Stigma Prevents Access to Mental Health Care

• 1 in 5 adults in the U.S. experience mental illness yearly, yet nearly 60% do not receive the treatment they need due to stigma and discrimination (National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI))
• Stigma prevents access to mental health care.

Creating a Culture of Support and Respect

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Biopsychological Model of Mental Health

• An integrated approach that recognizes the interplay of biological, emotional, and social influences on individual mental health

Strategies for Resilience

• Body
• Heart
• Mind
• Community
• Spirit

"In Any Given Moment..."

• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs shows resilience is built on fulfilling basic needs, progressing toward self-actualization, and strong personal relationships
• Resilience is about growing through challenges, not just bouncing back

Relevance to Nursing Care

• Understanding and applying Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs helps nurses provide more personalized, holistic care that supports patients' physical, emotional, and psychological well-being, promoting overall healing and recovery.
• Holistic assessment and prioritization of needs is important.
• Personal care is needed.
• Comprehensive healing is needed
• Facilitating growth and self-expression is needed
• Empowering resilience and coping is needed
• Collaboration for whole-person well-being is needed
• Fostering compassionate communication is needed

Mental Health: Power Imbalance, Marginalization, and Injustice

• Community impact of mental distress includes intimate partner violence
• Workplace and school mental stress
• Suicide and community consequences
• Discrimination and social exclusion
• Gender oppression and its societal burden.

Intimate Partner Violence

• "Survivors deserve to be believed, and survivors deserve to heal" - Tarana Burke.

Global Prevalence Estimates of Intimate Partner Violence

• Lifetime prevalence: 26% of ever-married women have experienced physical or sexual violence
• Past 12 months: 13% of women have experienced violence
• Intimate partner violence starts early and impacts adolescents and young women.
• 6% of women experience non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime

Trauma in the Workplace, School

• Lateral violence
• Burnout, compassion fatigue
• Discrimination and harassment
• Exposure to violence
• Job insecurity and toxic culture
• Teacher or peer neglect, targeting
• Exclusion, marginalization

Relational Violence

• 26/27% of physical/sexual violence from current or former partner in lifetime
• 13/10% in past year
• 40% reported
• Lateral relationships: 22-85% of nurses experience violence from colleagues.

Burnout and Compassion Fatigue

• Rest - sleep
• Supportive work environment – open communication
• Mental health support
• Self-care
• Recognize self & peer contributions
• Professional growth
• Leadership support

Toxic Interpersonal Dynamics

• Exclusion, marginalization
• Discrimination & harassment
• Job insecurity, toxic culture
• Exposure to violence
• Teacher or peer neglect, targeting
• All involve harmful behaviours that create unsafe environments, often resulting in emotional, psychological, or physical harm.

Recognizing Mental Distress

• Recognizing mental distress is crucial to improving well-being.

Neuroendocrinology Essentials

• Hormonal regulation & homeostasis
• Endocrine disorders & clinical implications
• The stress response and the role of cortisol
• Autonomic nervous system and hormonal interactions
• Pharmacological interventions

What is a sign of mental distress (anxiety)?

• Increased energy
• Difficulty concentrating
• Hyperactivity
• Fatigue

Which strategy is appropriate for supporting a patient with anxiety?

• Encourage the patient to avoid discussing their fears to prevent distress
• Use grounding techniques and teach deep-breathing exercises
• Minimize environmental stimuli by isolating the patient to a quiet room
• Foster an optimistic attitude to counteract negativity

Understanding Brain Basics

• From neuroanatomy to traumatic brain injury understanding the connection.
• Specific details (graphics) are not included in the general study notes summary

Brain Health

• 10 ways to keep your brain healthy (graphics) are not included in the general study notes summary

Neuroanatomy & Basic Function

• Neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate) and their function.
• Brain regions and their associated functions (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, cerebellum, brainstem)

Current System/Brain Injury/Early Intervention

• Mental health risks, like suicide, increase by 400%
• Addiction risk increases by 200%
• Job loss, homelessness, and incarceration risk are higher
• Early intervention is needed

How Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Affects Daily Life

• Healthy vs. TBI brain functions in different regions
• Specific details (graphics) are not included in the general study notes summary

Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury

• Serotonin reduction: depression, irritability, anxiety
• Dopamine disruption: apathy, anhedonia
• Norepinephrine increase: heightened stress response, hyperarousal
• GABA: seizures, heightened anxiety
• Glutamate: excessive release, excitotoxicity, damaging neurons, worsening cognitive impairment

Emotions, Memories, and Motivational Drive

• Limbic system communicates with hypothalamus
• Controls many autonomic, endocrine, and somatic functions
• Influences through neurons, signals, and neurotransmitters
• Regulates emotions, memory, and behaviour

Nervous System Review

• Cholinergic (acetylcholine)
• Monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine)
• Amino acids (inhibitory and excitatory)
• Neuropeptides (opioid peptides, substance P, somatostatin)
• Neurotransmitters are keys to the therapeutic action of many psychotropic medications. Several are important for cognitive health and behavior

The Nervous System

• Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Neuroendocrinology

• Pituitary gland disorders can cause emotional problems, including depression, anxiety, behavioral disturbances, and other comorbid conditions

Circadian Rhythm

• Near-24-hour cycle influences regulatory functions, affecting by cycles of light and darkness.
• Influences lab test results and medication effectiveness

Circadian Rhythms in Psychopathology

• Abnormal rhythms associated with mental illnesses, including premenstrual symptoms, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders.
• Strong connection between psychosocials and onset of illness.

Stress

• Reaction to change that evokes a response directed at stabilizing internal biological processes to preserve self-esteem

Adaptive Stress Management

• Coping strategies are adaptive when they protect the individual from harm, strengthen their ability to meet challenging situations, and include awareness, relaxation, meditation, interpersonal communication, and problem-solving

Maladaptation

• Process in which individuals' response to change disrupts integrity or causes persistent disequilibrium
• Impacts of maladaptive behavior: impaired social skills, challenges with assertiveness, anger management difficulties, substance use problems, challenges at work, familial conflict, and physical health problems

Anxiety and Grief

• Anxiety and grief are closely connected emotional responses to loss or fear.
• Similar physical and psychological symptoms may occur (restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and emotional distress)
• Low levels of anxiety can be adaptive, providing motivation for survival

Stages of Anxiety

• Mild, moderate, severe, and panic (description of symptoms are in details)

Mild to Moderate Anxiety

• Interfere with reality, interpersonal relations, and occupational performance.

Moderate to Severe Anxiety

• Unresolved for an extended period contribute to physiological disorders
• Measurable pathophysiology can be demonstrated

Severe Anxiety

• Perceptual field is extremely narrowed.
• Repressing for extended periods can lead to neurotic behaviours.
• May be characterized by anxiety, stress, and emotional distress without losing touch with reality.

Panic

• Unable to focus on environment
• May lose contact with reality and develop psychosis (significant thought disturbance)
• Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and catatonic behaviors.

Connecting Anxiety and Grief

• Anxiety and grief are connected through the experience of loss, which can be future fear or experiencing actual loss (current)
• Both play critical roles in psychological processing and coping mechanisms

Emotional Support

• Therapeutic communication provides a safe, empathetic, and non-judgmental space to process emotions, validate and reassure, express emotions, develop coping strategies enabling anxiety and grief management.