António Egas Moniz Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What significant medical imaging technique did António Egas Moniz invent in 1927?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Angiogram (correct)
Ultrasound
Computed Tomography

Which of the following mental illnesses was António Egas Moniz's prefrontal lobotomy primarily used to treat?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Obsessive Disorder (correct)

What instrument did António Egas Moniz develop to perform his lobotomy procedure?

Leucotome (correct)
Resectoscope
Electrode
Scalpel

In which year did António Egas Moniz receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?

<p>1949 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients were found to benefit from the prefrontal lobotomy procedure developed by António Egas Moniz?

<p>33% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Angiography's Inventor

António Egas Moniz developed the angiogram, a technique using X-rays to visualize blood vessels, crucial for detecting brain abnormalities.

Frontal Lobotomies

A controversial psychosurgical procedure where the frontal lobes are surgically altered to treat mental illness.

Nobel Prize 1949

Moniz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1949, for his invention of the prefrontal lobotomy.

Angiograms

A type of X-ray used to visualize blood vessels in the brain.

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Leucotome

A specialized surgical instrument designed to cut tissue connections within the brain during lobotomy procedures.

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Study Notes

António Egas Moniz

Highly regarded for groundbreaking brain imaging research
Developed controversial surgical procedure: frontal lobotomy
Refined technique became central to psychiatric treatment in 1940s-1950s
In 1927, invented angiogram (X-ray for blood vessels in brain)
Used radiopaque dyes to identify brain tumors, blocked arteries
Pioneer in psychosurgery, believed lobotomies could cure mental illness (obsession, depression)
Used leucotome (needle with wire loop) to sever frontal lobe connections
Procedure became standard treatment for mental illness in US until 1960s
Successfully used to image brain vessels prior to CT imaging, a better diagnostic tool
Only a third of patients benefited, others experienced harm.
Awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for prefrontal lobotomy invention
His life was unusually productive; his name will live for his two great contributions... (quote)

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Description

Explore the life and contributions of António Egas Moniz, a pioneering figure in brain imaging and psychosurgery. This quiz covers his influential work in developing the frontal lobotomy and angiography, along with the controversies surrounding his methods and the outcomes for patients. Test your knowledge of his significant impact on psychiatric treatment and medical imaging.