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Questions and Answers
What movements does supination combine?
What movements does supination combine?
- Eversion, abduction, and plantar flexion
- Eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion
- Inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion
- Inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion (correct)
How are subtalar joint motions measured?
How are subtalar joint motions measured?
- As the angle between the calcaneus and the lower leg (correct)
- As the angle between the calcaneus and the metatarsals
- As the angle between the metatarsals and the phalanges
- As the angle between the phalanges and the proximal phalanx
What is the position of the subtalar joint at heel contact?
What is the position of the subtalar joint at heel contact?
- Everted 2-3 degrees
- Inverted 2-3 degrees (correct)
- Neutral
- Abducted
What happens to the subtalar joint from heel contact to mid stance?
What happens to the subtalar joint from heel contact to mid stance?
When does the subtalar joint reach a neutral position?
When does the subtalar joint reach a neutral position?
How much calcaneal inversion occurs during walking?
How much calcaneal inversion occurs during walking?
Does the reported amount of foot pronation during gait vary?
Does the reported amount of foot pronation during gait vary?
What changes accompany foot pronation or supination during walking?
What changes accompany foot pronation or supination during walking?
Do individuals with pes planus demonstrate more or less rearfoot pronation when walking?
Do individuals with pes planus demonstrate more or less rearfoot pronation when walking?
Where can more information on associated kinesiology be found?
Where can more information on associated kinesiology be found?
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Study Notes
- Pronation and supination occur through subtalar and transverse tarsal joints.
- Pronation combines eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion; supination combines inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion.
- Subtalar joint motions are measured as the angle between the calcaneus and the lower leg.
- The subtalar joint is inverted 2-3 degrees at heel contact and rapidly everts until mid stance.
- The subtalar joint then reverses direction towards inversion and reaches a neutral position at heel off.
- Calcaneal inversion continues until it reaches approximately 6 degrees of inversion.
- The reported amount of foot pronation during gait varies based on measurement techniques.
- Foot pronation or supination during walking is accompanied by changes in height of the foot's medial longitudinal arch.
- Individuals with pes planus demonstrate a greater amount of rearfoot pronation when walking.
- More information on associated kinesiology is provided in Chapter 14.
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