Antiviral Drug Acyclovir Clinical Uses Quiz

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Which component of a DNA virus is targeted by antivirals to stop DNA replication?

Capsid

Genetic material (correct)

Nucleus

Envelope glycoproteins

In the context of viruses, what is the function of nucleotides?

Promote viral fusion

Structural unit for glycoproteins

Storage of genetic information (correct)

Act as antimicrobial agents

Which type of virus has a structure where glycoproteins are embedded with short spikes in the envelope?

RNA virus

Retrovirus

DNA virus (correct)

Hepatitis virus

What is the primary role of antifungals in combating infections?

Prevent fungal cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide base is found in both DNA and RNA?

Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific viral enzyme required for the first phosphorylation in the viral life cycle described in the text?

Thymidine kinase Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting RNA to DNA in the HIV retrovirus life cycle?

Reverse transcriptase Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pathway used to incorporate thymidine into the growing viral genome?

Salvage pathway Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the viral life cycle described, what is the role of host enzymes?

Drive the conversion from monophosphate to triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is essential for incorporating viral DNA into the growing genome after the triphosphate stage?

DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which a virus attaches to a host cell?

Attachment of the virus spikes to the outer aspect of the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of viral thymidine kinase in the viral life cycle?

Incorporation of nucleoside triphosphates into new viral genomes Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires a greater decrease in immunity for its reactivation according to the text?

Herpes Simplex Signup and view all the answers

What factor can reactivate herpes zoster even with minimal sleep deprivation?

Age-related decrease in immunity Signup and view all the answers

What process involves adding deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to the growing DNA genome during viral replication?

Utilization of viral DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes viruses?

Viruses consist of proteins and nucleic acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between viruses and bacteria?

Viruses lack a cell wall and cell membrane, unlike bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a virus consists of glycoproteins with spikes embedded in the envelope?

Envelope Signup and view all the answers

What type of nucleic acids can be found in viruses?

Both double-stranded DNA and RNA Signup and view all the answers

In the context of antiviral drugs, why is the mode of action different when compared to antibiotics?

Viruses do not require living cells to multiply. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical use of Acyclovir?

Prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of Acyclovir in the treatment of viral infections?

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse reaction is most commonly associated with Acyclovir use?

Skin rash Signup and view all the answers

In which condition should Acyclovir be used with caution?

Renal impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of Acyclovir resistance in immunocompromised individuals?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thymidine kinase in the mechanism of action of nucleoside antivirals such as acyclovir and valacyclovir?

It blocks viral DNA replication by phosphorylating nucleosides. Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA viruses are effectively treated with nucleoside antivirals like famciclovir?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the immune system is unable to suppress Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

CMV replicates rapidly and leads to severe infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which category of viruses are Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and 2) classified under?

DNA viruses Signup and view all the answers

In the viral life cycle, what specific process is blocked by nucleoside antivirals like acyclovir and valacyclovir?

Viral DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

In the viral life cycle, which enzyme is responsible for incorporating nucleoside triphosphates into new viral genomes?

Viral thymidine kinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acyclovir monophosphate in interrupting the replication of viral DNA?

It tricks the virus into thinking it's its own nucleoside but disrupts replication Signup and view all the answers

Which oral antiviral agent is commonly used for treating Herpes Zoster?

Famciclovir Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Valacyclovir in treating viral infections?

Tricks the virus into accepting it as its own nucleoside Signup and view all the answers

Which off-label use is associated with Acyclovir (Zovirax)?

Bell’s Palsy treatment Signup and view all the answers

What role does viral DNA polymerase play in the viral life cycle?

Incorporates deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates into the DNA genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of antiviral medication like Acyclovir in the viral life cycle?

Viral DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral agent is commonly used for treating Herpes Simplex infections?

Acyclovir (Zovirax) Signup and view all the answers

How do antivirals like Famciclovir exert their effects against viruses?

Block viral replication by interfering with DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for phosphorylating nucleosides to create deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in the viral life cycle?