Questions and Answers
What is the drug class of acyclovir?
Which viruses does acyclovir treat? (Select all that apply)
What are potential effects of acyclovir?
Transient burning, nausea, vomiting, headache, nephrotoxicity
What should nurses monitor to check for nephrotoxicity in acyclovir patients?
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What is the use of oral acyclovir during pregnancy?
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Acyclovir can be used safely during which stages of pregnancy?
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Transient topical burning is an adverse effect of acyclovir.
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What must a nurse do to prevent nephrotoxicity during IV acyclovir administration?
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How should neurotoxicity in patients taking acyclovir be managed?
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Where is acyclovir excreted from?
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What key points should be included in patient teaching for acyclovir?
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Which drugs may have interactions with acyclovir?
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Study Notes
Acyclovir Overview
- Acyclovir is an antiviral medication classified as Pregnancy Category B, indicating it is generally safe for use during pregnancy.
Indications
- Effective against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), treating both HSV-1 (cold sores) and HSV-2 (genital warts).
- Used for the Varicella-Zoster Virus, which causes chickenpox.
Potential Effects
- Topical application may cause transient burning sensation.
- Common adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, and headache.
- Nephrotoxicity is a risk; it is essential to administer the drug slowly and provide fluids up to two hours post-infusion.
Nursing Considerations
- Monitor urine output along with Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels to assess kidney function and detect nephrotoxicity.
Use in Pregnancy
- Oral acyclovir is safe during pregnancy, allowing for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes.
- It can be used throughout all stages of pregnancy, including breastfeeding.
Adverse Effects
- Injection may lead to phlebitis or inflammation at the site.
- Topical use can cause transient burning.
- Other potential effects include nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Monitoring Nephrotoxicity
- Regular checks should include urine output, BUN, and creatinine levels to identify kidney issues early.
Neurotoxicity Management
- If neurotoxicity occurs, reducing the dosage and monitoring closely is advised.
Preventing Nephrotoxicity
- To mitigate nephrotoxicity in patients receiving IV acyclovir, ensure hydration during the infusion and continued for two hours afterward.
Drug Interactions
- Acyclovir interacts with nephrotoxic drugs, including probenecid and zidovudine, heightening the risk of kidney damage.
Excretion
- Acyclovir is primarily excreted by the kidneys, making renal function monitoring critical.
Patient Teaching
- Advise patients to stay well-hydrated while taking acyclovir.
- Clarify that it does not cure herpes and will not prevent recurrences.
- Recommend avoiding sexual activity during active lesions and using condoms for protection.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the antiviral drug acyclovir with this comprehensive quiz. Explore its indications, potential effects, and safety during pregnancy. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.
