Antiviral and Antifungal Medications Effects Quiz

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Which type of Demodex mite is found solitarily in sebaceous and Meibomian glands?

Demodex brevis

Which medication is NOT FDA approved for corneal ulcers but can be fortified for corneal ulcers?

Voriconazole

Which essential oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and acaricidal effects against Demodex mites?

Tea tree oil

What is the common ectoparasite found on human skin that is associated with blepharitis?

<p>Demodex mites</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the life cycle duration of Demodex mites from egg to larval to adult stage?

<p>14-18 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Demodex mites feed on that can cause epithelial abrasions in the eyelash follicles?

<p>Sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Demodex mite is associated with anterior blepharitis?

<p>Demodex folliculorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered for fungal keratitis treatment after Amphotericin B drops or fortified voriconazole?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to eradicate Demodex mites and reduce ocular surface inflammation?

<p>Tea tree oil (Cliradex)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Demodex mites do in eyelash follicles that can cause collarettes?

<p>Cause hyperkeratinization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family of compounds does XDEMVY belong to?

<p>Isoxazoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of Tea tree oil (Cliradex) against bacterial and fungal cells?

<p>Disrupting cell wall and membrane integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of XDEMVY against Demodex mites?

<p>Inhibits GABA-gated chloride channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should Tea tree oil (Cliradex) be used for mild to moderate symptoms of Demodex?

<p>Once a day for 6-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosage regimen for XDEMVY in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis?

<p>BID for 6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Cliradex considered a cosmetic product that does not require FDA approval?

<p>It is used for Demodex and severe ocular irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse drug reaction (ADR) is commonly associated with XDEMVY use?

<p>Stinging and burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about using Tea tree oil (Cliradex) is FALSE?

<p>It should be applied once a week for blepharitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does inhibiting GABA channels with XDEMVY have on mammals?

<p>No effect on mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using Natamycin drops over Amphotericin B drops in fungal keratitis treatment?

<p>Broader spectrum of antifungal activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fungal keratitis treatment, when is the optimal window to use povidone-iodine and ATs to reduce symptoms like redness and tearing?

<p>Within 4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms do antifungal drugs primarily target?

<p>Both molds and yeasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is commonly associated with candida, a yeast fungus?

<p>Oral cavity infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of microorganisms belong to the group that includes fungi, as mentioned in the text?

<p>100,000 species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drops are typically used for fungal keratitis treatment against yeast and molds?

<p>Natamycin drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antifungal drug is specifically mentioned as a topical ophthalmic treatment for fungal keratitis?

<p>Natamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of polyenes like Amphotericin B in treating fungal infections?

<p>Binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, increasing membrane permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic antifungal drug is NOT mentioned in the text as a treatment option for fungal keratitis?

<p>Flucytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of Amphotericin B in relation to ophthalmic conditions?

<p>Fungal keratitis and corneal ulcers treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what is the significance of topical ophthalmic drops being 'fortified'?

<p>Enhanced bioavailability of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for Zirgan 0.15% (Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel) according to the text?

<p>Dendritic ulcers in herpetic keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ganciclovir in Zirgan 0.15%?

<p>Inhibition of DNA replication of HSV by disrupting viral and cellular kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse reaction associated with Zirgan 0.15% use, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should Zirgan 0.15% (Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel) be initially used according to the text's dosing instructions?

<p>Five times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is Zirgan analogous to, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect that might be experienced by patients using Zirgan 0.15%?

<p>Hyperemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition should Zirgan be very frequently used, as suggested in the text?

<p><strong>Viral</strong> keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should Zirgan 0.15% (Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel) be tapered to after initially using it every 3 hours for 7 days?

<p><strong>Once</strong> a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

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