Antiviral and Antifungal Medications Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of Demodex mite is found solitarily in sebaceous and Meibomian glands?

  • Demodex canis
  • Demodex brevis (correct)
  • Demodex folliculorum
  • Demodex cati

Which medication is NOT FDA approved for corneal ulcers but can be fortified for corneal ulcers?

  • Fluconazole
  • Amphotericin B drops
  • Voriconazole (correct)
  • Natamycin 5% drops

Which essential oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and acaricidal effects against Demodex mites?

  • Peppermint oil
  • Eucalyptus oil
  • Tea tree oil (correct)
  • Lavender oil

What is the common ectoparasite found on human skin that is associated with blepharitis?

<p>Demodex mites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the life cycle duration of Demodex mites from egg to larval to adult stage?

<p>14-18 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Demodex mites feed on that can cause epithelial abrasions in the eyelash follicles?

<p>Sebum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Demodex mite is associated with anterior blepharitis?

<p>Demodex folliculorum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered for fungal keratitis treatment after Amphotericin B drops or fortified voriconazole?

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to eradicate Demodex mites and reduce ocular surface inflammation?

<p>Tea tree oil (Cliradex) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Demodex mites do in eyelash follicles that can cause collarettes?

<p>Cause hyperkeratinization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family of compounds does XDEMVY belong to?

<p>Isoxazoline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of Tea tree oil (Cliradex) against bacterial and fungal cells?

<p>Disrupting cell wall and membrane integrity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of XDEMVY against Demodex mites?

<p>Inhibits GABA-gated chloride channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should Tea tree oil (Cliradex) be used for mild to moderate symptoms of Demodex?

<p>Once a day for 6-8 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosage regimen for XDEMVY in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis?

<p>BID for 6 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Cliradex considered a cosmetic product that does not require FDA approval?

<p>It is used for Demodex and severe ocular irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse drug reaction (ADR) is commonly associated with XDEMVY use?

<p>Stinging and burning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about using Tea tree oil (Cliradex) is FALSE?

<p>It should be applied once a week for blepharitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does inhibiting GABA channels with XDEMVY have on mammals?

<p>No effect on mammals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using Natamycin drops over Amphotericin B drops in fungal keratitis treatment?

<p>Broader spectrum of antifungal activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fungal keratitis treatment, when is the optimal window to use povidone-iodine and ATs to reduce symptoms like redness and tearing?

<p>Within 4 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms do antifungal drugs primarily target?

<p>Both molds and yeasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is commonly associated with candida, a yeast fungus?

<p>Oral cavity infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of microorganisms belong to the group that includes fungi, as mentioned in the text?

<p>100,000 species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drops are typically used for fungal keratitis treatment against yeast and molds?

<p>Natamycin drops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antifungal drug is specifically mentioned as a topical ophthalmic treatment for fungal keratitis?

<p>Natamycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of polyenes like Amphotericin B in treating fungal infections?

<p>Binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, increasing membrane permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic antifungal drug is NOT mentioned in the text as a treatment option for fungal keratitis?

<p>Flucytosine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of Amphotericin B in relation to ophthalmic conditions?

<p>Fungal keratitis and corneal ulcers treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what is the significance of topical ophthalmic drops being 'fortified'?

<p>Enhanced bioavailability of the drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for Zirgan 0.15% (Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel) according to the text?

<p>Dendritic ulcers in herpetic keratitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ganciclovir in Zirgan 0.15%?

<p>Inhibition of DNA replication of HSV by disrupting viral and cellular kinases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse reaction associated with Zirgan 0.15% use, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Blurred vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should Zirgan 0.15% (Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel) be initially used according to the text's dosing instructions?

<p>Five times a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is Zirgan analogous to, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Acyclovir (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect that might be experienced by patients using Zirgan 0.15%?

<p>Hyperemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition should Zirgan be very frequently used, as suggested in the text?

<p><strong>Viral</strong> keratitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should Zirgan 0.15% (Ganciclovir Ophthalmic Gel) be tapered to after initially using it every 3 hours for 7 days?

<p><strong>Once</strong> a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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