chp. 41

Study Notes

Primary drug for TB: Isoniazid is widely recognized as the primary drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Ethambutol and pediatric patients: Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis in pediatric patients, leading to potential vision problems.

Liver disease contraindication: Isoniazid is contraindicated for patients with liver disease due to its hepatotoxic potential.
Multidrug-resistant TB treatment: Bedaquiline is specifically used for multidrug-resistant TB and may cause chest pain as an adverse effect.

Optic Neuritis: This condition is a potential side effect of drug therapy particularly in pediatric patients when using Ethambutol.
Importance of monitoring: Close monitoring of patients during TB therapy is crucial to manage potential side effects and ensure adherence to treatment.

Positive TB test state: Latent TB infection describes a state where TB bacteria may test positive but do not cause symptoms and are not infectious.
Mantoux test administration: Purified protein derivatives (Mantoux) are administered intradermally to detect an immune response to TB protein.
Positive Mantoux result indication: A positive result in the Mantoux test is indicated by the presence of induration at the injection site, typically measured after 48-72 hours.

Duration of TB treatment: TB treatment may last for several months, often extending up to 6-9 months or longer under certain circumstances.
Medication regimen information: Patients should be informed about the importance of adhering to their medication regimen to prevent drug resistance and ensure effective treatment.

Contagious timeline: During active TB treatment, patients are considered contagious until they have received effective therapy for a specific duration and show clinical improvement, typically around 2-3 weeks into treatment.