Isoniazid Overview and Uses

Questions and Answers

What is the drug class of Isoniazid (INH)?

Antibiotic

Antitubercular (correct)

Analgesic

Antiviral

What routes can Isoniazid (INH) be administered?

IM (correct)

Subcutaneous

Oral (correct)

What are the therapeutic effects or uses of Isoniazid (INH)?

To treat tuberculosis; prophylactic measure against tuberculosis.

What significant historical fact is associated with Isoniazid?

Discovered in 1952, it was the first oral drug effective against the tubercle bacillus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are contraindications for Isoniazid (INH)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are some common side effects of Isoniazid (INH)?

Drowsiness, tremors, rash, blurred vision, photosensitivity, tinnitus, dizziness, GI distress. Signup and view all the answers

List some adverse reactions of Isoniazid (INH).

Psychotic behavior, peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperglycemia. Signup and view all the answers

What drug interactions are associated with Isoniazid (INH)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Patients should take INH hour before meals or hours after meals.

1, 2 Signup and view all the answers

What client teaching is important for those taking Isoniazid (INH)?

Take pyridoxine to prevent peripheral neuropathy, check liver enzymes, report numbness. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Isoniazid (INH) Overview

Class: Antitubercular.
Routes: Administered orally or through intramuscular (IM) injection.

Therapeutic Effects and Uses

Primarily used to treat tuberculosis (TB) and as a preventive measure against TB.
Mechanism of action involves inhibition of cell wall synthesis in bacteria.

Historical Context

Discovered in 1952 as the first effective oral medication against the tubercle bacillus.
Functions as a bactericidal drug inhibiting tubercle cell wall synthesis and blocking vitamin B6, essential for enzyme production.
Commonly utilized in multidrug therapy, often in combination with rifampin, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide for enhanced effectiveness.

Contraindications

Not suitable for patients with severe renal or liver disease, alcoholism, or diabetic retinopathy.

Common Side Effects

Includes drowsiness, tremors, rash, blurred vision, photosensitivity, tinnitus, dizziness, and gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation).

Adverse Reactions

Possible serious reactions: psychotic behavior, peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
Life-threatening risks include blood dyscrasias, seizures, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and hepatotoxicity.

Drug Interactions

Increased effects when taken with alcohol, rifampin, cycloserine, and phenytoin.
Antacids can reduce gastrointestinal absorption.
Concurrent use with phenytoin may lower its effectiveness.
Alcohol use raises chances of neuropathy and liver toxicity.

Client Education and Advisories

Administer INH one hour before meals or two hours after meals for optimal absorption.
Adhere to the complete medication regimen for effectiveness.
Collect sputum specimens in the early morning for testing.
Recommended to take pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to mitigate peripheral neuropathy risks.
Routine monitoring of liver enzymes and complete blood count (CBC) is essential.
Regular eye examinations are necessary.
Advise patients to report any sensations of numbness, tingling, or burning.
Educate on sun precautions and the importance of avoiding antacids during treatment.

Description

This quiz covers the class and therapeutic effects of Isoniazid (INH), an antitubercular drug primarily used for treating tuberculosis. It explores its mechanism of action, historical context, contraindications, and common side effects. Test your knowledge on this important medication in the fight against TB.