Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the drug class of Isoniazid (INH)?
What is the drug class of Isoniazid (INH)?
What routes can Isoniazid (INH) be administered?
What routes can Isoniazid (INH) be administered?
What are the therapeutic effects or uses of Isoniazid (INH)?
What are the therapeutic effects or uses of Isoniazid (INH)?
To treat tuberculosis; prophylactic measure against tuberculosis.
What significant historical fact is associated with Isoniazid?
What significant historical fact is associated with Isoniazid?
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Which of the following are contraindications for Isoniazid (INH)?
Which of the following are contraindications for Isoniazid (INH)?
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What are some common side effects of Isoniazid (INH)?
What are some common side effects of Isoniazid (INH)?
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List some adverse reactions of Isoniazid (INH).
List some adverse reactions of Isoniazid (INH).
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What drug interactions are associated with Isoniazid (INH)?
What drug interactions are associated with Isoniazid (INH)?
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Patients should take INH ____ hour before meals or ____ hours after meals.
Patients should take INH ____ hour before meals or ____ hours after meals.
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What client teaching is important for those taking Isoniazid (INH)?
What client teaching is important for those taking Isoniazid (INH)?
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Study Notes
Isoniazid (INH) Overview
- Class: Antitubercular.
- Routes: Administered orally or through intramuscular (IM) injection.
Therapeutic Effects and Uses
- Primarily used to treat tuberculosis (TB) and as a preventive measure against TB.
- Mechanism of action involves inhibition of cell wall synthesis in bacteria.
Historical Context
- Discovered in 1952 as the first effective oral medication against the tubercle bacillus.
- Functions as a bactericidal drug inhibiting tubercle cell wall synthesis and blocking vitamin B6, essential for enzyme production.
- Commonly utilized in multidrug therapy, often in combination with rifampin, ethambutol, or pyrazinamide for enhanced effectiveness.
Contraindications
- Not suitable for patients with severe renal or liver disease, alcoholism, or diabetic retinopathy.
Common Side Effects
- Includes drowsiness, tremors, rash, blurred vision, photosensitivity, tinnitus, dizziness, and gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation).
Adverse Reactions
- Possible serious reactions: psychotic behavior, peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
- Life-threatening risks include blood dyscrasias, seizures, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and hepatotoxicity.
Drug Interactions
- Increased effects when taken with alcohol, rifampin, cycloserine, and phenytoin.
- Antacids can reduce gastrointestinal absorption.
- Concurrent use with phenytoin may lower its effectiveness.
- Alcohol use raises chances of neuropathy and liver toxicity.
Client Education and Advisories
- Administer INH one hour before meals or two hours after meals for optimal absorption.
- Adhere to the complete medication regimen for effectiveness.
- Collect sputum specimens in the early morning for testing.
- Recommended to take pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to mitigate peripheral neuropathy risks.
- Routine monitoring of liver enzymes and complete blood count (CBC) is essential.
- Regular eye examinations are necessary.
- Advise patients to report any sensations of numbness, tingling, or burning.
- Educate on sun precautions and the importance of avoiding antacids during treatment.
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Description
This quiz covers the class and therapeutic effects of Isoniazid (INH), an antitubercular drug primarily used for treating tuberculosis. It explores its mechanism of action, historical context, contraindications, and common side effects. Test your knowledge on this important medication in the fight against TB.
