Antitubercular Drugs and Treatment Regimen Unit 8.3

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the bacteria that causes tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which of these is not a symptom of tuberculosis?

Night sweats

Headache (correct)

Weight loss

Cough

Fever

Which of the following is not a risk factor for tuberculosis?

Immunocompromised individuals

Injecting illegal drugs

Regular exercise (correct)

Living or working in high-risk residential settings

Health care workers with high-risk clients

Which of these drugs is not used in first-line antitubercular therapy?

Kanamycin Signup and view all the answers

Single-drug therapy for tuberculosis is considered the most effective treatment method.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for administering isoniazid in relation to meals?

1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect associated with rifampin?

Red-orange discoloration of body fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a contraindication for antitubercular therapy with isoniazid and rifampin?

Severe renal or hepatic disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common nursing intervention regarding antitubercular therapy?

Administering the medication intravenously Signup and view all the answers

A patient prescribed isoniazid and rifampin should be advised to avoid taking antacids.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the causative agent for tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the risk factors for developing tuberculosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of tuberculosis?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Single-drug therapy is typically used to treat tuberculosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT typically used in the first phase of tuberculosis treatment?

Capreomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of isoniazid and rifampin in treating tuberculosis?

Inhibiting bacterial cell-wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with rifampin?

Red-orange discoloration of body fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of isoniazid and rifampin?

Severe renal or hepatic disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common drug interaction to consider with isoniazid and rifampin?

Use with antacids Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to administer isoniazid?

Either 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial nursing intervention when administering isoniazid and rifampin?

Assessing for signs of liver damage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antituberculars

Antitubercular drugs are used to treat tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus, causes tuberculosis.
Transmission occurs via droplets during coughing, sneezing, and talking.
High-risk clients include immunocompromised individuals, those living or working in high-risk residential settings, those injecting illegal drugs, and healthcare workers with high-risk clients.

Tuberculosis Symptoms

Key symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, chest pain, and positive acid-fast bacilli in sputum.
Bloody sputum is another possible symptom.

Drug Combinations for Tuberculosis

Single-drug therapy is ineffective; multidrug therapy is used.
Multidrug therapy decreases bacterial resistance and shortens treatment duration.

Treatment Regimen

Treatment is divided into two phases.
Phase 1, using isoniazid, rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and streptomycin, is more effective and less toxic than second-line drugs. This phase lasts approximately 2 months.
Phase 2, involving para-aminosalicylic acid, kanamycin, cycloserine, ethionamide, capreomycin, pyrazinamide, and others, is less effective and more toxic. It lasts approximately 4 to 7 months.

Antitubercular Drugs: Isoniazid & Rifampin

Action: Inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
Uses: Treat tuberculosis, prophylactic use against tuberculosis.

Side Effects of Isoniazid & Rifampin

Side effects: Drowsiness, photosensitivity, dizziness, GI upset.
Ocular toxicity: Isoniazid — Photosensitivity and blurred vision. Rifampin — Turns secretions orange.
Adverse reactions: Hepatotoxicity (liver damage), nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), optic neuritis, isoniazid —Vitamin B6 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy.

Contraindications and Interactions

Contraindications: Severe renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, diabetic retinopathy.
Interactions: Alcohol, antacids.

Assessment

Assessment: Medication/medical history, PPD results, signs and symptoms of TB, culture results, baseline LFTs, BUN, and creatinine.

Interventions/Teaching

Administer isoniazid 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Follow the complete regimen.
Collect sputum specimen in early morning.
Check liver enzymes and kidney function.
Need frequent eye examinations.
Vitamin B6 to prevent peripheral neuropathy.
Sun precautions to avoid antacids.
Teach rifampin-induced color changes in bodily fluids (urine, feces, saliva, sputum, sweat, and tears turns red-orange). Staining of contact lenses and clothing.

Practice Question #1

A client with tuberculosis is prescribed isoniazid and rifampin.
Key teaching points include administering isoniazid 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, scheduling periodic eye exams, emphasizing the importance of adhering to the treatment regimen, and advising the client to report any numbness, tingling, or burning sensations.
Rifampin turns body fluids a reddish-orange color.

Practice Question #2

Treatment of tuberculosis typically requires two to three medications.
The treatment lasts 6 to 9 months.
Tuberculosis bacteria can develop resistance to treatment.
Tuberculosis treatment often has side effects.

Practice Question #3

When teaching a client about isoniazid and rifampin:
Isoniazid should be taken with meals (not doubled or in doses with vitamin C supplements).
Clients should report if their urine turns reddish-orange.
Clients should avoid direct sunlight.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of antitubercular drugs and tuberculosis treatment. You'll learn about the symptoms, drug combinations, and treatment phases necessary for effective tuberculosis management. Ideal for healthcare professionals or students in medical fields.