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Questions and Answers
What should be monitored prior to starting antithyroid treatment?
What should be monitored prior to starting antithyroid treatment?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with antithyroid medications?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with antithyroid medications?
What is a significant drug interaction to be aware of when administering antithyroid medications?
What is a significant drug interaction to be aware of when administering antithyroid medications?
Which of the following is a contraindication for taking antithyroid medications?
Which of the following is a contraindication for taking antithyroid medications?
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What is an important patient teaching point regarding antithyroid medications?
What is an important patient teaching point regarding antithyroid medications?
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What is one of the primary therapeutic uses of Levothyroxine?
What is one of the primary therapeutic uses of Levothyroxine?
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Which adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of Levothyroxine?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of Levothyroxine?
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What is important to monitor when a patient is on Levothyroxine?
What is important to monitor when a patient is on Levothyroxine?
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What should a patient consider regarding brand changes of Levothyroxine?
What should a patient consider regarding brand changes of Levothyroxine?
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In which circumstances should Levothyroxine be taken to maximize absorption?
In which circumstances should Levothyroxine be taken to maximize absorption?
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What potential lifesaving concern is associated with Exacerbation of hypothyroidism?
What potential lifesaving concern is associated with Exacerbation of hypothyroidism?
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Which is a significant drug interaction of Levothyroxine that requires monitoring?
Which is a significant drug interaction of Levothyroxine that requires monitoring?
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When is it recommended to take Levothyroxine relative to other medications?
When is it recommended to take Levothyroxine relative to other medications?
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What is a major therapeutic action of Valproic Acid?
What is a major therapeutic action of Valproic Acid?
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Which adverse effect is most associated with the use of Phenytoin?
Which adverse effect is most associated with the use of Phenytoin?
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What is a common contraindication for the use of aspirin?
What is a common contraindication for the use of aspirin?
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What is the primary therapeutic action of Morphine?
What is the primary therapeutic action of Morphine?
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Which laboratory result should be closely monitored in a patient on Valproic Acid?
Which laboratory result should be closely monitored in a patient on Valproic Acid?
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What condition requires caution when administering Carbidopa-levodopa?
What condition requires caution when administering Carbidopa-levodopa?
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Which side effect is often associated with the use of opioids like Morphine?
Which side effect is often associated with the use of opioids like Morphine?
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Which drug interaction should be considered when administering Phenobarbital?
Which drug interaction should be considered when administering Phenobarbital?
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What is a major concern when a patient is prescribed Naloxone?
What is a major concern when a patient is prescribed Naloxone?
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What should patients be cautious of when taking Ibuprofen?
What should patients be cautious of when taking Ibuprofen?
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Which adverse effect is particularly noted with the use of Valproic Acid?
Which adverse effect is particularly noted with the use of Valproic Acid?
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Which assessment finding is an indication of hepatotoxicity?
Which assessment finding is an indication of hepatotoxicity?
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In which setting is Isoproterenol contraindicated?
In which setting is Isoproterenol contraindicated?
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What side effect is specifically linked to the use of beta-adrenergic blockers like Propranolol?
What side effect is specifically linked to the use of beta-adrenergic blockers like Propranolol?
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Study Notes
Module I
- Pharmacodynamics: Study of how drugs affect the body
- Key points for how drugs work:
- Replacing missing chemicals
- Increasing or stimulating cellular activities
- Depressing or slowing cellular activities
- Interfering with foreign cell function
- Pharmacokinetics: Study of how the body acts on a drug
- Key points for pharmacokinetics:
- Absorption: Drug movement to circulating fluids
- Distribution: Drug movement in tissues
- Metabolism (biotransformation): Drugs transformed into less active chemicals, liver is most important
- Excretion: Removal of drugs from the body, kidneys are most important
- First-pass effect: Drug metabolized by liver before entering circulation
- Adverse effects:
- Anaphylaxis: Rapid, severe allergic reaction
- Hepatotoxicity: Liver damage
- Nephrotoxicity: Kidney damage
Adverse Effects
- Anaphylaxis: Rapid, severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Occurs within minutes of re-exposure to allergen. Commonly triggered by bee stings, peanuts, shellfish and some food types. Can lead to shock and death.
- Hepatotoxicity: Liver damage. Symptoms include fever, malaise, nausea, jaundice, changes in stool, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes.
- Nephrotoxicity: Kidney damage. Symptoms include elevated BUN and creatinine, decreased urinary output, and fatigue.
Neurological Effects
- General CNS effects: Include confusion, delirium, and insomnia. Safety measures to prevent injury, orient the patient, and provide proper support are important interventions.
- Extrapryramidal symptoms: Parkinson's-like symptoms, such as tremors, changes in gait, and rigidity. Discontinuing medication is a primary intervention.
- Anticholinergic effects: Dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision. Interventions include sugarless lozenges, mouth care, and bowel programs.
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Emergency. Symptoms include neurological symptoms, hyperthermia, and autonomic disturbances. Discontinuing medication and reducing patient body temperature are key interventions.
Module II
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Hydantoins (phenytoin), barbiturates (phenobarbital), valproic acid, dopaminergic (carbidopa-levodopa), opioid agonist (morphine), opioid antagonist (naloxone).
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Pharmacokinetics (phenytoin): Metabolized by the liver, excreted by the kidneys. Oral (slow) and IV (rapid).
Module III
- Alpha-Beta adrenergic agonist (dopamine)
- Beta-specific adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol)
- Non-selective adrenergic blocking agent (labetalol)
- Non-selective Beta-adrenergic blockers (propranolol)
Module 5A
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ACE inhibitors (captopril)
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ARB's (losartan)
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Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem)
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Vasodilators (nitroprusside)
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Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
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Drugs affecting the RAAS:
- ACE inhibitors
- ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers)
- Renin inhibitors
Module 5B
- Nitrates (nitroglycerin)
- Beta-adrenergic blocker (metoprolol)
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (atorvastatin)
- Antiplatelet (ASA)
- Anticoagulant (Heparin)
- Thrombolytic agents (alteplase)
General Information
- The purpose of many of these medications is to help lower blood pressure, treat heart failure, or treat other systems of the body to get the body back to a balanced state.
- It is essential that patients are properly assessed, monitored and that their care plan is developed and followed so the patient does not have negative side effects.
Additional Modules
- Modules are not numbered and topics are not provided in the input.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the monitoring and safety considerations before starting antithyroid medications. This quiz covers adverse effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and important patient education points related to antithyroid treatments. It's essential for anyone studying pharmacology or working in healthcare.
