Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary use of Haloperidol?
What is the primary use of Haloperidol?
What is a significant side effect of Olanzapine?
What is a significant side effect of Olanzapine?
Which medication requires careful monitoring for agranulocytosis?
Which medication requires careful monitoring for agranulocytosis?
What is a common side effect of benzodiazepines such as Lorazepam?
What is a common side effect of benzodiazepines such as Lorazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of medication is Fluoxetine classified as?
What type of medication is Fluoxetine classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action for Atypical antipsychotics like Ziprasidone?
What is the mechanism of action for Atypical antipsychotics like Ziprasidone?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom should prompt immediate action when using neuroleptic medications?
What symptom should prompt immediate action when using neuroleptic medications?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a side effect of Diphenhydramine?
Which of the following is a side effect of Diphenhydramine?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be monitored with the use of Ziprasidone?
What should be monitored with the use of Ziprasidone?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important consideration with the use of Midazolam?
What is an important consideration with the use of Midazolam?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the potential side effects of Amitriptyline?
What are the potential side effects of Amitriptyline?
Signup and view all the answers
What must be monitored in patients taking Lithium?
What must be monitored in patients taking Lithium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is a known contraindication for patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?
Which medication is a known contraindication for patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication can cause hypertensive crisis if taken with tyramine-rich foods?
Which medication can cause hypertensive crisis if taken with tyramine-rich foods?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the therapeutic range for Divalproex Sodium?
What is the therapeutic range for Divalproex Sodium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential risk associated with CNS stimulants?
Which of the following is a potential risk associated with CNS stimulants?
Signup and view all the answers
What management is necessary for a patient taking MAOIs?
What management is necessary for a patient taking MAOIs?
Signup and view all the answers
What class of drugs does Venlafaxine belong to?
What class of drugs does Venlafaxine belong to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is specifically indicated for performance anxiety?
Which medication is specifically indicated for performance anxiety?
Signup and view all the answers
Which side effect is commonly associated with SSRIs?
Which side effect is commonly associated with SSRIs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antipsychotic is associated with agranulocytosis?
Which antipsychotic is associated with agranulocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common side effect experienced with Bupropion?
What is a common side effect experienced with Bupropion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pharmacological treatment is primarily used for opioid overdose?
Which pharmacological treatment is primarily used for opioid overdose?
Signup and view all the answers
How should Lamotrigine be administered to minimize the risk of serious side effects?
How should Lamotrigine be administered to minimize the risk of serious side effects?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Haloperidol
- First-generation typical antipsychotic, controls positive symptoms
- Used for hallucinations, schizophrenia, Tourette's
- Often given with benzodiazepines like Lorazepam to manage aggressive behavior
- Side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, sedation
- Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, tremors)
- Use benztropine to reduce EPS
Diphenhydramine
- Antihistamine, first-generation
- Side effects include sedation, urinary retention
- Used to prevent dystonic reactions
- Sedating effect
Midazolam
- Acts quickly (within minutes)
- High addiction potential, not for long-term use
- Side effects include sedation and suppression of vital functions
- Avoid skipping doses and dangerous tasks
Olanzapine
- Second-generation atypical antipsychotic
- Treats both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- Side effects include weight gain, decreased libido, neutropenia
- Monitor blood sugar and infection symptoms
Ziprasidone
- Atypical antipsychotic
- Balances dopamine levels in the brain
- Treat schizophrenia
Anti-Anxiety Medications
Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
- Antihistamine, PRN
- Takes 15-30 minutes to work
- Side effects include dry mouth and drowsiness
- Dose: 25-50 mg (max 100 mg) four times daily
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Benzodiazepine (short-intermediate acting), PRN
- Takes 20-40 minutes to work, lasts 4–6 hours
- Side effects include drowsiness and sedation
- Dose: 0.5-2 mg, 2-3 times daily (max 10 mg/day)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- Benzodiazepine (intermediate-long acting), PRN
- Takes 20-40 minutes to work and lasts 6-12 hours
- Side effects include ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness
- Dose: 0.25-1 mg, 1-2 times daily (maximum 4 mg per day)
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- May take 2-12 weeks to see full effect
- Side effects include decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, dry mouth, insomnia
- Dose: 10-20 mg once daily (maximum 60 mg per day)
Propranolol (Inderal)
- Beta-blocker, PRN
- Takes 30-60 minutes to work, lasts 6-12 hours
- Side effect includes hypotension
- Dose: 10-20 mg every 30-60 minutes before stressful events (maximum 4 mg daily)
Antipsychotics (First Generation/Typical)
- Haloperidol, Fluphenazine
- Decrease dopamine in the brain
Antipsychotics (Second Generation/Atypical)
- Aripiprazole, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, Quetiapine, Ziprasidone
- Decrease dopamine and increase serotonin
- Side effects include EPS, metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), potentially agranulocytosis
Other Medications
- Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)- Used for sleep or other situations where other medications didn't work
- Lithium: Mood stabilizer. Therapeutic range is 0.6 - 1.2 mEq/L Toxicity is above 1.5 mEq/L.
- Methylphenidate: CNS stimulant, short & intermediate acting.
- Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine: CNS stimulant, immediate release medication
- Atomoxetine: Non-stimulant, works in cases where stimulants aren't tolerated or are causing too many side effects
Withdrawal from Nicotine
- Nicotine gum, lozenge, patch. Follow instructions for proper use.
Withdrawal from Alcohol
- Use medications like Naltrexone to reduce craving and prevent relapse.
- Use other medications to manage symptoms of withdrawal. Follow instructions for proper use.
- Avoid Bupropion, given the increased risk of seizures in combination with alcohol withdrawal.
Other Important Notes
- Many medications have serious side effects. It is crucial to monitor patients closely and follow instructions carefully to manage and treat side effects.
- Always consult with a doctor for diagnosis and treatment plans.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the key aspects of various antipsychotic medications, including first-generation and second-generation drugs like Haloperidol and Olanzapine. It addresses their indications, mechanisms, side effects, and the management of related symptoms. Test your knowledge on the pharmacology and clinical applications of these essential psychiatric medications.
