L-22 Antiprotozoal Drugs Quiz

<p>It has a high risk of cardiotoxicity and is contraindicated in pregnancy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tinidazole is effective against resistant strains of trichomoniasis, whereas metronidazole is not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of host cell growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melarsoprol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eflornithine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tsetse fly bites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eflornithine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of intracellular free radicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suramin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Megacolon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pentamidine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding to parasitic DNA and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miltefosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melarsoprol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disrupts DNA's tertiary structure and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis in anaerobic organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benznidazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can include a self-resolving cutaneous ulcer, a mutilating mucocutaneous disease, or a lethal systemic illness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proguanil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of the ETC and folate reductase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an organochloride. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tafenoquine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing cysts and vegetables carrying oocytes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cats are the only animals capable of shedding oocytes that can infect other animals, including humans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent or reduce folate deficiency caused by pyrimethamine and sulfonamide usage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and related processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its molecular analysis of ribosomal RNA, which indicated it is a fungus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dapsone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The merozoite form in the red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracycline plus a luminal agent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emetine or Dehydroemetine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>650 mg three times daily for 21 days. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emetine or Dehydroemetine followed by chloroquine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The duration is the same for both (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eradicate any remaining cysts in the lumen of the intestine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tinidazole, emetine, and iodoquinol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole and a luminal agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metronidazole and Tinidazole are drugs used to treat trichomoniasis. They work by disrupting DNA's tertiary structure in anaerobic organisms and protozoal cells.

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas Vaginalis. It's important to treat both the infected person and their partner, even if the partner is asymptomatic.

Emetine and Dehydroemetine are systemic amebicides that are used to treat infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica. These drugs block the chain elongation of proteins in the parasite, but can have significant heart toxicity and are therefore reserved for severe cases.

Amebic dysentery is a severe form of intestinal infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It can be treated with various drugs, which are classified based on their site of action.

Iodoquinol is a luminal amebicide that is used as an alternative to treat asymptomatic carriers of Entamoeba histolytica. It should be used with caution as it can cause myelo-optic neuropathy.

A medication used to treat Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.

A medication used to treat West African trypanosomiasis, a disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

A medication used to treat both early and CNS stages of West African trypanosomiasis.

A medication used for the treatment of Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania.

An oral medication for the treatment of Leishmaniasis.

A medication for the treatment of Giardiasis, an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia.

An effective drug for treating Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, and Amebiasis.

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense and T. brucei. Transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes progressive symptoms including fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and ultimately, CNS involvement. It's usually fatal without treatment.

Chagas' disease, or South American Trypanosomiasis, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Transmitted through insects or blood transfusions. Characterized by fever, inflammation, and ultimately heart, digestive, and nervous system damage. Can be fatal.

Suramin is a polysulfonated naphthyl urea used to treat African trypanosomiasis. It inhibits several parasitic enzymes, although the exact mechanism is complex.

Melarsoprol is a trivalent arsenical drug used in late-stage African trypanosomiasis. It inhibits key parasitic enzymes by binding to sulfhydryl groups. Has severe side effects. Only used in late-stage disease.

Nifurtimox is a nitro-heterocyclic drug used to treat Chagas' disease. It works by producing free radicals inside the parasite, leading to its death. Used in chronic stages with limited effectiveness.

Antiprotozoal agents are drugs that target and kill protozoan parasites. They are crucial for managing and treating various diseases caused by these parasites.

A luminal amebicide that works by interfering with the parasite's ability to form cysts and helps eliminate Entamoeba histolytica from the gut.

Iodoquinol is a luminal amebicide that works by interfering with the parasite's iodine metabolism and helps eliminate Entamoeba histolytica from the gut.

Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by inhibiting protein synthesis in Entamoeba histolytica and helps eliminate the parasite from the gut.

Metronidazole is a systemic amebicide that works by interfering with DNA synthesis in Entamoeba histolytica and effectively kills the parasite.

Tinidazole is a systemic amebicide that works by interfering with DNA synthesis in Entamoeba histolytica and effectively kills the parasite.

Dehydroemetine and Emetine are systemic amebicides that work by inhibiting protein synthesis in Entamoeba histolytica and effectively kill the parasite. However, their use is limited due to potential cardiovascular toxicity.

Chloroquine is an antimalarial drug that is used in treating amebic liver abscesses. It works by disrupting the parasite's ability to break down heme.

Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Luminal agents are used to eliminate the parasite from the gut.

A type of antimalarial drug that works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, effective against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.

A drug used in combination with chloroquine for malaria prophylaxis, known to inhibit DHF reductase.

Approved for a single-dose radical cure of Plasmodium infections, the mechanism of action is unknown.

An antimalarial combination consisting of atovaquone and proguanil, effective against Plasmodium falciparum.

This artemisinin combination drug is effective against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.

A type of antimalarial drug that exhibits high resistance to single agents but potent synergistic effects when combined with other medications.

A parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which is commonly found in cats and can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected cat feces, undercooked meat, or contaminated water.

A life-threatening opportunistic infection frequently seen in immunocompromised individuals, primarily caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii.

A common antimalarial drug that interferes with the parasite's ability to synthesize folate, a vital nutrient for its growth and development.

A drug used in the treatment of both toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis. It inhibits mitochondrial electron transport, a crucial pathway for energy production in cells.

A serious parasitic disease primarily spread by infected mosquitos, causing symptoms like fever, chills, and sweating. The deadliest form, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, can be particularly dangerous.

A synthetic drug used to treat some parasitic infections, including toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis, by disrupting mitochondrial electron transport.

A drug often used in combination with Sulfadiazine to treat toxoplasmosis. It is a folate synthesis inhibitor, preventing the parasite from making essential folate.