16 Questions
Anti-protozoal drugs are used for the treatment of: Amebiasis, Malaria, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis, and ______
Giardiasis
Amebiasis (amebic dysentery) is an infection of the intestinal tract caused by ______
Entamoeba histolytica
Diagnosis is established by isolating E. histolytica from ______
feces
Therapeutic agents for amebiasis are classified according to the site of action as: Luminal amebicides act on the parasite in the ______ of the bowel
lumen
Systemic amebicides are effective against amebas in the intestinal wall and ______
liver
Mixed amebicides are effective against both the luminal and systemic forms of the ______
disease
Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole, and it is the mixed amebicide of choice for treating amebic infections. It is usually administered with a luminal amebicide, such as iodoquinol or ______.
paromomycin
Metronidazole is also used in the treatment of infections caused by Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, anaerobic cocci, and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. It is the drug of choice for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis caused by the anaerobic Clostridium difficile. Metronidazole is a prodrug that is reduced intracellularly by the anaerobic bacteria to its active form. This reduced cytotoxic compounds bind to proteins and DNA, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis resulting in death of the E. histolytica ______.
trophozoites
Resistance to metronidazole is not a therapeutic problem for ______.
amebiasis
Metronidazole is completely and rapidly absorbed after oral administration and therapeutic levels can be found in vaginal and seminal fluids, saliva, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The drug accumulates in patients with severe hepatic disease. The parent drug and its metabolites are excreted in the ______.
urine
The adverse effects of metronidazole include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, abdominal cramps, unpleasant metallic taste, yeast infection of the mouth, and rarely, ______ (dizziness, vertigo, and numbness or paresthesia), which may necessitate drug discontinuation.
neurotoxicity
Tinidazole is a second-generation nitroimidazole that is similar to metronidazole in spectrum of activity, absorption, adverse effects, and drug interactions. It is used for treatment of amebiasis, amebic liver abscess, giardiasis, and ______.
trichomoniasis
Tinidazole is as effective as metronidazole, with a shorter course of treatment, but it is more expensive. Alcohol consumption should be avoided during ______.
therapy
A luminal agent, such as iodoquinol, diloxanide furoate, paromomycin, should be administered for treatment of the asymptomatic colonization state after treatment of invasive intestinal or extra-intestinal amebic disease is complete. This is categorized under ______ amebicides.
luminal
Iodoquinol, a halogenated 8-hydroxyquinolone, is amebicidal against E. histolytica and is effective against the luminal trophozoite and ______ forms.
cyst
Adverse effects of iodoquinol include rash, diarrhea, and dose-related peripheral neuropathy, including a rare ______.
optic neuritis
Test your knowledge of antiprotozoal drugs with this quiz covering the overview, summary of antiprotozoal agents, and chemotherapy for amebiasis. Learn about the treatment of diseases such as amebiasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and giardiasis.
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