Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following antibiotics inhibits cell wall synthesis and is typically used to treat MRSA infections?
Which of the following antibiotics inhibits cell wall synthesis and is typically used to treat MRSA infections?
- Vancomycin (correct)
- Floxacin
- Penicillin
- Erythromycin
A patient is prescribed an antibiotic that targets the 30S ribosomal subunit. Which of the following drugs is most likely being used?
A patient is prescribed an antibiotic that targets the 30S ribosomal subunit. Which of the following drugs is most likely being used?
- Erythromycin
- Tetracycline (correct)
- Chloramphenicol
- Metronidazole
Which of the following drug combinations inhibits folate synthesis and reduction, thus disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis?
Which of the following drug combinations inhibits folate synthesis and reduction, thus disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis?
- Floxacin
- Co-trimoxazole (Sulfonamides + Trimethoprim) (correct)
- Sulfonamides only
- Trimethoprim only
A patient with a severe anaerobic bacterial infection is prescribed an antibiotic. Which of the following is most likely being administered?
A patient with a severe anaerobic bacterial infection is prescribed an antibiotic. Which of the following is most likely being administered?
Which of the following anti-TB drugs inhibits RNA polymerase?
Which of the following anti-TB drugs inhibits RNA polymerase?
Which of the following medications is a cholinergic agonist primarily used to increase GI motility and promote urination?
Which of the following medications is a cholinergic agonist primarily used to increase GI motility and promote urination?
A patient is experiencing severe muscle weakness due to Myasthenia Gravis. Which type of medication would be most appropriate to improve neuromuscular junction function?
A patient is experiencing severe muscle weakness due to Myasthenia Gravis. Which type of medication would be most appropriate to improve neuromuscular junction function?
Which of the following medications is a non-selective alpha adrenergic antagonist?
Which of the following medications is a non-selective alpha adrenergic antagonist?
A patient experiencing bronchoconstriction needs a beta-2 adrenergic agonist. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate?
A patient experiencing bronchoconstriction needs a beta-2 adrenergic agonist. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate?
Which of the following medications is a mixed alpha and beta adrenergic antagonist?
Which of the following medications is a mixed alpha and beta adrenergic antagonist?
Flashcards
Penicillin
Penicillin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria.
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Vancomycin
Vancomycin
A glycopeptide antibiotic, inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine.
Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides
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Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim
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Floxacin
Floxacin
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Metronidazole
Metronidazole
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Bethanecol
Bethanecol
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Pralidoxime
Pralidoxime
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Rifampicin
Rifampicin
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Study Notes
- Study notes on antimicrobials, cholinergic drugs, and adrenergic drugs are provided
Antimicrobials
- Antimicrobials target different bacterial components and pathways
- These include the cell wall, protein synthesis, DNA supercoiling, and folate pathway
Cell Wall Inhibitors
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- Carbapenem (-penem)
- Monobactam (Aztreonam)
MRSA Treatment
- Vancomycin is used to treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Tetracyclines target the 30S ribosomal subunit
- Aminoglycosides target the 30S ribosomal subunit
- Erythromycin targets the 50S ribosomal subunit
- Chloramphenicol targets the 50S ribosomal subunit
Supercoiling Inhibitors
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Floxacin) inhibit DNA supercoiling
Folate Pathway Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides inhibit the synthetase enzyme in the folate pathway
- Trimethoprim inhibits the reductase enzyme in the folate pathway
- Co-trimoxazole is a combination of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
Anaerobic Infection Treatment
- Metronidazole is used to treat anaerobic infections
Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment
- Rifampicin inhibits RNA polymerase
- Isoniazid
- Ethambutol
- Pyrazinamide
Cholinergic Drugs
- Act on the cholinergic system, influencing parasympathetic activity and neurotransmission
Cholinergic Agonists (increase parasympathetic activity)
- Bethanechol is used for GI and urinary stimulation
- Pilocarpine is used to treat glaucoma and Sjogren's syndrome
- Cevimeline
- Carbachol
Anticholinesterases
- Edrophonium has a short duration and is used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
- Stigmine has a medium duration and is used to improve neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function
Anticholinergics (decrease parasympathetic activity)
- Atropine
- Scopolamine
- Benztropine
- Ipratropium
Cholinesterase Activators
- Pralidoxime
Adrenergic Drugs
Adrenergic Agonists
- Affect adrenergic receptors, mimicking the effects of catecholamines
Non-selective α-Agonists
- Oxy/line
α1 Agonists (RINE)
- Phenylephrine
- Midodrine
β1 Agonists (MINE)
- Dobutamine
β2 Agonists (-OL)
- Salbutamol
- Salmeterol
- Clenbuterol
- Terbutaline
β3 Agonists
- Mirabegron
Adrenergic Antagonists
- Block adrenergic receptors, inhibiting the effects of catecholamines
Non-selective α-Antagonists
- Phenoxybenzamine
α1 Antagonists (-SIN)
- Prazosin
- Terazosin
- Tamsulosin
- Doxazocin
Non-selective β-Antagonists (-OLOL)
- Propanolol
- Timolol
β1 Antagonists (-OLOL)
- Metoprolol
- Atenolol
- Nebivolol
Mixed α/β Antagonists (-LOL)
- Labetalol
- Carvedilol
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