Antimicrobial Therapy Glossary

Which of the following best describes a health care-associated infection (nosocomial infection)?

Disinfectants are applied to living tissue to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for sulfonamide antibiotics?

What is the term for causative microorganisms that are often drug resistant and the most virulent?

The action of sulfonamides is considered to be ______, meaning they inhibit the growth of bacteria but do not necessarily kill them.

Match the following antibiotic classes with their mechanism of action:

Which factor would be most important to assess before administering an antibiotic?

Empiric therapy involves administering antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity results.

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with macrolide antibiotics?

What is the implication of bacteria being described as 'bacteriostatic'?

Community-acquired infections are those contracted within a healthcare facility, such as a hospital.

Which of the following is an example of a beta-lactam antibiotic?

What is the key nursing action to take after administering penicillin to a patient for the first time, especially with a history of allergies?

Giving cephalosporins with ______ may cause an acute alcohol intolerance reaction.

Match the generation of cephalosporins with their spectrum of activity:

What specific advice should a nurse give to a patient taking tetracycline?

Clavulanic acid, when combined with certain penicillins, enhances the antibacterial effect.

Which of the following is a common indication for the use of SMX-TMP (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)?

A patient is prescribed erythromycin. What should the nurse consider regarding the administration of this drug?

What is antimicrobial stewardship?

Carbapenems are typically the first-line antibiotics used for common infections due to their broad spectrum of activity.

Which adverse effect is most associated with tetracycline use in young children?

A patient reports an allergy to penicillin. Which antibiotic class should the nurse be most cautious about administering?

Extended-spectrum penicillins such as piperacillin/tazobactam are effective against ______ bacteria.

Match the following antibiotic classes with their common uses:

What is the therapeutic action of cilastatin when administered with imipenem?

All cephalosporins are effective against MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).

Why is it important to infuse carbapenems over at least 60 minutes?

A patient taking sulfonamides should be cautioned to report what symptoms immediately?

What dietary teaching is most important for a patient prescribed tetracycline?

The fifth generation cephalosporin, ______, is effective against MRSA.

Match each nursing intervention with its rationale related to antibiotic administration:

What is the MOST likely rationale for prescribing cefoxitin for a patient undergoing colorectal surgery?

Macrolides, like erythromycin, are considered bactericidal at all concentrations.

Which of the following antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S bacterial ribosome?

A patient receiving clavulanate liquid solution through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. What is the purpose of the clavulanic acid?

When completing an admission assessment, the patient reports being allergic to sulpha drugs. What will the nurse do next?

Which does the nurse identify as being a concern for patients receiving tetracycline?

The nurse identifies Clavulin as being a member of which group?

A patient has a health care-associated infection. What is the significance of this type of infection?

Cidal agents, such as disinfectants, are safe to apply directly to living tissue to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

What is the term for an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria without necessarily killing them?

A patient develops pseudomembranous colitis due to the overgrowth of the bacteria Clostridium ______.

Which of the following is an example of prophylactic antibiotic therapy?

The primary mechanism of action for antibiotics involves enhancing the host's immune response to fight off bacterial infections.

What specific advice should be given to patients taking tetracycline regarding the consumption of dairy products?

Adverse reactions to penicillins can include urticaria, pruritus, and ______.

How do sulfonamides work to inhibit bacterial growth?

Sulfonamides are effective against only gram-positive bacteria, making them unsuitable for treating infections caused by gram-negative organisms.

What is the term for the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, commonly used in antibiotic therapy?

A potential adverse effect of sulfonamide therapy is ______, which can manifest as a significant itchy rash or hives.

What is the primary mechanism of action for penicillins?

All penicillins are administered intravenously to ensure optimal absorption and distribution.

What dietary restriction is important for patients taking cloxacillin sodium to ensure proper absorption?

Clavulanic acid is often combined with amoxicillin to inhibit the action of ______, which can degrade the antibiotic.

A patient with a known penicillin allergy is prescribed cephalosporins. What action should the nurse prioritize?

Cephalosporins are only effective against gram-positive bacteria, limiting their use in treating infections caused by gram-negative organisms.

What is the primary use of cefazolin in clinical practice?

Ceftriaxone is advantageous for the treatment of central nervous system infections because it easily passes the ______.

Why must carbapenems be infused over at least 60 minutes?

Carbapenems are typically the first-line choice for treating common bacterial infections due to their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.

What enzyme does cilastatin inhibit in order to protect imipenem from breakdown?

Macrolides prevent bacterial growth by inhibiting ______ synthesis within bacterial cells.

A patient is prescribed erythromycin but complains of significant gastrointestinal upset. Considering the adverse effects of macrolides, what alternate macrolide might be a better choice?