Bactericidal vs. Bacteriostatic Drugs
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following bacteria can cross the blood-brain barrier?

  • Spirochetes
  • Streptococci
  • Pneumococci
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following infections is NOT treated by benzathine penicillin G?

  • Syphilis
  • Endocarditis
  • Bacteremia
  • Meningitis (correct)

Which penicillin has the highest oral bioavailability?

  • Penicillin V
  • Ampicillin
  • Amoxicillin (correct)
  • Nafcillin

Which of the following infections is NOT treated by antistaphylococcal penicillins?

<p>Meningitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections?

<p>Pneumococci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections is NOT treated by extended-spectrum penicillins?

<p>Anthrax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of carbapenems?

<p>Previous beta-lactam allergy except for nafcillin and ceftriaxone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST IMPORTANT cell wall inhibitor mentioned in the text?

<p>Vancomycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the ONLY Gram-negative activity of aztreonam?

<p>Aerobic Gram-negative rods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about the administration of vancomycin?

<p>Vancomycin is administered as a slow IV infusion for systemic Gram-positive infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about the unintended effects of carbapenems?

<p>Carbapenems can cause hypersensitivity reactions, diarrhea, and infusion site reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents?

<p>Bactericidal agents kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic agents only inhibit the growth and replication of bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs?

<p>Combination therapy reduces the possibility of superinfections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common mechanism of antibiotic resistance?

<p>Genetic alterations, such as spontaneous mutations of DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mode of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics?

<p>Enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy?

<p>Hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary reason for using a combination of antimicrobial drugs to treat tuberculosis?

<p>To reduce the risk of microorganisms developing resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mechanism of resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Genetic alterations, such as spontaneous mutations of DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary reason for using a combination of a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside antibiotic?

<p>To increase the bactericidal activity of the combination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mode of resistance to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

<p>Alteration of penicillin-binding proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary disadvantage of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of penicillin antibiotics?

<p>Increased blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?

<p>They inhibit the transpeptidase enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT susceptible to penicillin G?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following penicillin antibiotics is administered as a long-acting intramuscular injection?

<p>Benzathine penicillin G (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is considered a broad-spectrum antipseudomonal penicillin?

<p>Piperacillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about beta-lactam antibiotics is TRUE?

<p>They are synergistic with aminoglycosides to reduce aminoglycoside toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered the choice for gastroenteritis due to its bioavailability?

<p>Ampicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is an obligate anaerobe that most antibiotics do not treat?

<p>Bacteroides fragilis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cephalosporin is primarily used for Neisseria Gonorrhea?

<p>Ceftriaxone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has the same activity as amoxicillin but with increased Gram-negative activity?

<p>Piperacillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the ONLY beta-lactam antibiotic that can treat MRSA?

<p>Ceftaroline fosamil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of resistance to Beta-lactam antibiotics by Penicillin-resistant strep pneumoniae (PRSP)?

<p>Modification of target PBPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes cephalosporins particularly effective against staph infections?

<p>Their resistance to penicillinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is typically chosen for surgical prophylaxis, bone infections, and endocarditis due to its spectrum of activity?

<p>Cefazolin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common adverse effect associated with cephalosporin use?

<p>Hypersensitivity reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cephalosporins makes them synergistic with aminoglycosides like gentamicin?

<p>Their ability to bind to penicillin-binding proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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