Bactericidal vs. Bacteriostatic Drugs

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Which of the following bacteria can cross the blood-brain barrier?

Spirochetes

Streptococci

Pneumococci

All of the above (correct)

Which of the following infections is NOT treated by benzathine penicillin G?

Syphilis

Endocarditis

Bacteremia

Meningitis (correct)

Which penicillin has the highest oral bioavailability?

Penicillin V

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin (correct)

Nafcillin

Which of the following infections is NOT treated by antistaphylococcal penicillins?

Meningitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections?

Pneumococci Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections is NOT treated by extended-spectrum penicillins?

Anthrax Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of carbapenems?

Previous beta-lactam allergy except for nafcillin and ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST IMPORTANT cell wall inhibitor mentioned in the text?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the ONLY Gram-negative activity of aztreonam?

Aerobic Gram-negative rods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about the administration of vancomycin?

Vancomycin is administered as a slow IV infusion for systemic Gram-positive infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a true statement about the unintended effects of carbapenems?

Carbapenems can cause hypersensitivity reactions, diarrhea, and infusion site reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents?

Bactericidal agents kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic agents only inhibit the growth and replication of bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs?

Combination therapy reduces the possibility of superinfections. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common mechanism of antibiotic resistance?

Genetic alterations, such as spontaneous mutations of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mode of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics?

Enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy?

Hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary reason for using a combination of antimicrobial drugs to treat tuberculosis?

To reduce the risk of microorganisms developing resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mechanism of resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Genetic alterations, such as spontaneous mutations of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary reason for using a combination of a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside antibiotic?

To increase the bactericidal activity of the combination. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common mode of resistance to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Alteration of penicillin-binding proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary disadvantage of using a combination of antimicrobial drugs?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of penicillin antibiotics?

Increased blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics?

They inhibit the transpeptidase enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT susceptible to penicillin G?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following penicillin antibiotics is administered as a long-acting intramuscular injection?

Benzathine penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is considered a broad-spectrum antipseudomonal penicillin?

Piperacillin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about beta-lactam antibiotics is TRUE?

They are synergistic with aminoglycosides to reduce aminoglycoside toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered the choice for gastroenteritis due to its bioavailability?

Ampicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is an obligate anaerobe that most antibiotics do not treat?

Bacteroides fragilis Signup and view all the answers

Which cephalosporin is primarily used for Neisseria Gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has the same activity as amoxicillin but with increased Gram-negative activity?

Piperacillin Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the ONLY beta-lactam antibiotic that can treat MRSA?

Ceftaroline fosamil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of resistance to Beta-lactam antibiotics by Penicillin-resistant strep pneumoniae (PRSP)?

Modification of target PBPs Signup and view all the answers

What makes cephalosporins particularly effective against staph infections?

Their resistance to penicillinase Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is typically chosen for surgical prophylaxis, bone infections, and endocarditis due to its spectrum of activity?

Cefazolin Signup and view all the answers

What is the common adverse effect associated with cephalosporin use?

Hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cephalosporins makes them synergistic with aminoglycosides like gentamicin?

Their ability to bind to penicillin-binding proteins Signup and view all the answers