Antimicrobial Pharmacology 1: Bacterial Cell Wall and Folic Acid Metabolism

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What is the primary difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

The presence of porins in Gram-positive bacteria
The presence of a plasma membrane in Gram-negative bacteria
The structure of their cell walls (correct)
The presence of lipopolysaccharide in Gram-positive bacteria

What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?

Antifungals
Antiparasitics
Antivirals
Antibiotics (correct)

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

C. tetani
B. anthrax
M. leprae
M. tuberculosis (correct)

What is the function of porins in Gram-negative bacteria?

To allow for the passage of certain molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause wound infections?

S. Aureus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe drugs that target folic acid metabolism?

Sulfonamides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of the bacteria species Campylobacter Jejuni?

Spiral rods (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is responsible for causing Whooping cough?

Bordetella Pertussis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

Gonorrhea (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is capable of causing Septicemia and UTIs?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of the bacteria species Helicobacter Pyroli?

Motile rods (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?

Competitively inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combining sulfonamides with folic acid antagonists?

Potentiating the action on decreasing bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is an anti-malarial?

Sulfadoxine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme associated with PBP?

To perform construction, repair, and housekeeping (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?

Inhibiting the enzymes processing the developing peptidoglycan layer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?

Inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of folic acid antagonists?

Folate deficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following penicillins is sensitive to β-lactamase?

Penicillin G (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are sulfonamides primarily metabolized?

By the liver (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Ampicillin?

Good oral availability and active against gram-positive and negative bacteria (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for the use of Penicillins?

Bone and joint infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Clavulanic acid?

To inhibit the activity of β-lactamase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of penicillins are eliminated via renal tubular secretion?

90% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of penicillins?

GI disturbances (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

Irreversible inhibition of PBPs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cephalosporins is commonly used to treat sinusitis?

Cefaclor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of carbapenems?

Diarrhea (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for cephalosporin use?

Anaphylaxis to penicillins (C) Signup and view all the answers