29 Questions
What is the primary difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
The structure of their cell walls
What is the term used to describe drugs that kill bacteria?
Antibiotics
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?
M. tuberculosis
What is the function of porins in Gram-negative bacteria?
To allow for the passage of certain molecules
Which of the following is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause wound infections?
S. Aureus
What is the term used to describe drugs that target folic acid metabolism?
Sulfonamides
What is the morphology of the bacteria species Campylobacter Jejuni?
Spiral rods
Which bacteria is responsible for causing Whooping cough?
Bordetella Pertussis
What is the disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?
Gonorrhea
Which of the following bacteria is capable of causing Septicemia and UTIs?
All of the above
What is the morphology of the bacteria species Helicobacter Pyroli?
Motile rods
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Competitively inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase
What is the effect of combining sulfonamides with folic acid antagonists?
Potentiating the action on decreasing bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis
Which of the following antibiotics is an anti-malarial?
Sulfadoxine
What is the function of the enzyme associated with PBP?
To perform construction, repair, and housekeeping
What is the primary mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?
Inhibiting the enzymes processing the developing peptidoglycan layer
What is the mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics?
Inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan
What is a common adverse effect of folic acid antagonists?
Folate deficiency
Which of the following penicillins is sensitive to β-lactamase?
Penicillin G
How are sulfonamides primarily metabolized?
By the liver
What is the characteristic of Ampicillin?
Good oral availability and active against gram-positive and negative bacteria
Which of the following is an indication for the use of Penicillins?
Bone and joint infections
What is the function of Clavulanic acid?
To inhibit the activity of β-lactamase
What percentage of penicillins are eliminated via renal tubular secretion?
90%
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of penicillins?
GI disturbances
What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?
Irreversible inhibition of PBPs
Which of the following cephalosporins is commonly used to treat sinusitis?
Cefaclor
What is a common adverse effect of carbapenems?
Diarrhea
Which of the following is a contraindication for cephalosporin use?
Anaphylaxis to penicillins
Understand the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and how they impact therapy. Learn about the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of medications that target the bacterial cell wall and folic acid metabolism. Identify key differences between agents within the same class.
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