Antihypertensive Agents Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following antihypertensive agents with their primary characteristics:

S(OH),S(CH3) = Inhibit sympathetic output Guanethidine = Prevent release of norepinephrine at high doses Hydralazine hydrochloride = Activate ATP-modulated potassium channels Parenteral Vasodilators = Used in hypertensive emergencies, may cause hyperglycemia

Match the following antihypertensive categories with their specific actions:

Centrally Acting Sympatholytics = Stimulate a2 and I1 receptors in CNS Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents = Release 'false neurotransmitters' at usual doses Vasodilators = Primarily act on arterial system Long-term therapy agents = Show activity in alopecia

Match the following characteristics with the appropriate agents:

Highly selective for I1 receptor = Centrally Acting Sympatholytics Integral N-oxide function = Vasodilators for unresponsive hypertension Effective control of blood pressure without adverse effects = Centrally Acting Sympatholytics Used in hypertensive emergencies = Parenteral Vasodilators

Match the following antihypertensive agents with their side effects or unique notes:

S(OH),S(CH3) = Both are inactive Guanadrel = Acts as false neurotransmitter Hydralazine hydrochloride = Side effects include long-term therapy issues Parenteral Vasodilators = Can lead to hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate drugs:

Guanethidine = Blocks adrenergic neuron at high doses S(OH),S(CH3) = Has no therapeutic effect Hydralazine hydrochloride = Indirectly causes opening of potassium channels Centrally Acting Sympatholytics = Inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its primary usage:

Norepinephrine = Maintain blood pressure in acute hypotensive states Epinephrine = Used by injection in anaphylactic reactions Phenylephrine = Vasoconstrictor for nasal congestion R(-) 2-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol = Bronchodilation and cardiac stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its route of administration:

Norepinephrine = I.V Epinephrine = Used by inhalation in asthma Phenylephrine = Given orally R(-) 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-N-methylamino-ethanol = Injection Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its receptor selectivity:

Norepinephrine = Direct non-selective α ≤ β Epinephrine = Direct non-selective α, β Phenylephrine = Direct selective α1 R(-) 2-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol = Direct non-selective α ≤ β Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its side effect profile:

Norepinephrine = Possible CNS side effects Epinephrine = Stimulates CNS Phenylephrine = No CNS side effects R(-) 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-N-methylamino-ethanol = Minimal CNS stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its indication:

Norepinephrine = Treatment of hypotension Epinephrine = Bronchodilation Phenylephrine = Treatment of glaucoma R(-) 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-N-methylamino-ethanol = Used in hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its additional notes:

Norepinephrine = Not effective by oral route Epinephrine = Client-side scripting for web applications Phenylephrine = Does not cause increase in heart rate R(-) 2-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol = Not effective orally Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with the acute situation it is used for:

Norepinephrine = Acute hypotensive states Epinephrine = Anaphylactic reactions Phenylephrine = Surgery to maintain blood pressure R(-) 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-N-methylamino-ethanol = Nasal congestion Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its type:

Xylometazoline = a1-agonist, vasoconstrictor Oxymetazoline = a1-agonist, nasal decongestant Clonidine hydrochloride = Selective a2-agonist Methyl dopa = Centrally acting a2-agonist Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its duration of action:

Isoproterenol = Short duration Salmeterol = Very long acting (12 hours) Dobutamine = Used in congestive heart failure Clonidine hydrochloride = Lower blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its specific action:

Clonidine hydrochloride = Inhibit sympathetic nervous system output Dobutamine = Dopamine analogue Salmeterol = Direct selective β2 Methyl dopa = Suppress CNS sympathetic output Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its adverse effects:

Clonidine hydrochloride = CNS side effects: depression, anxiety Methoxamine = Dangerous adverse effects Salmeterol = Risk of cardiovascular events Isoproterenol = Potential for tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its clinical use:

Methoxamine = Bronchial asthma Dobutamine = Cardiac surgery Clonidine hydrochloride = Management of hypertension Methyl dopa = Used in pregnancy-induced hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its effect on blood pressure:

Xylometazoline = Vasoconstriction Clonidine hydrochloride = Lowering blood pressure Oxymetazoline = Decongestant effect Methoxamine = Potential increase in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the drug with its primary receptor target:

Methoxamine = β1 & β2 Salmeterol = β2 Dobutamine = β1 Clonidine hydrochloride = α2 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their characteristics:

Tolazoline = First dose phenomenon characterized by dizziness Prazosin = Improvement of bioavailability up to 90% Terazosin hydrochloride = Selective ß1-blockers Carvedilol = Mixed a/β-Blockers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medications with their action time:

Prazosin = Short duration of action Terazosin hydrochloride = Long duration of action Labetalol = Short duration of action Carvedilol = Long duration of action Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their mechanisms:

Prazosin = Selective a1-antagonist Carvedilol = S(-) enantiomer is both an a and nonselective β-blocker Labetalol = R(+) enantiomer is an a1-blocker Tolazoline = Causes peripheral vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with the respective drugs:

Carvedilol = CNS side effects Terazosin hydrochloride = Improvement of bioavailability Prazosin = First dose phenomenon Labetalol = Mixed action with both a and β-blocking effects Signup and view all the answers

Match the following enantiomers with their functions:

S(-) enantiomer of Carvedilol = Nonselective β-blocker R(OH),R(CH3) of Labetalol = Active β-blocker R(+) enantiomer of Carvedilol = a1-blocker R(OH),S(CH3) of Labetalol = Predominantly an a1-blocker Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions to the correct drug effects:

Prazosin = Dizziness, palpitation, syncope with first dose Tolazoline = Peripheral vasodilation Labetalol = Mixed action on both receptors Terazosin hydrochloride = Long-acting a1-blocker Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their classification:

Tolazoline = Peripheral vasodilator Prazosin = Selective a1-antagonist Labetalol = Mixed a/β-Blocker Terazosin hydrochloride = Selective a1-antagonist Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their respective drugs:

Carvedilol = S(-) enantiomer for nonselective blocking Labetalol = R(OH),S(CH3) is predominantly an a1 blocker Prazosin = Bioavailability of 55% Terazosin hydrochloride = Bioavailability improvement to 90% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following adrenergic agents with their primary use or effect:

Amphetamine = Treatment of ADHD Propylhexedrine = Relief of nasal congestion D-(-)-Ephedrine = Nasal decongestant Phenoxybenzamine = Treatment of pheochromocytoma Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their clinical features:

Carvedilol = CNS side effects Prazosin = First dose phenomenon effects Tolazoline = Used for vasodilation Terazosin hydrochloride = Better bioavailability than Prazosin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

Dextroamphetamine = S-isomer more potent than R-isomer Pseudoephedrine = Used as a nasal decongestant Non-selective α-antagonist = Reversible action causing vasodilatation Indirect Adrenergic agents = Act through the release of norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Match the adrenergic agents with their specific properties or effects:

Amphetamine = Suppresses appetite Propylhexedrine = Used orally, I.V., I.M., and topically D-(-)-Ephedrine = (S,S) diastereomer of ephedrine Phenoxybenzamine = Forms a permanent covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nasal decongestants with their effects or characteristics:

D-(-)-Ephedrine = Effective for asthma and hay fever Propylhexedrine = Nasal decongestant Pseudoephedrine = Alleviates nasal congestion symptoms Phenoxybenzamine = Non-selective (α1 and α2) inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

Match the following agents with their method of administration:

Propylhexedrine = Used topically for nasal congestion D-(-)-Ephedrine = Administered as nasal decongestant Phenoxybenzamine = Used for managing pheochromocytoma Amphetamine = Used for ADHD treatment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following, based on their mechanism of action:

Dextroamphetamine = More potent S-isomer Phenoxybenzamine = Irreversible α-adrenergic antagonist Pseudoephedrine = Directly reduces nasal congestion Amphetamine = Increases release of norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the correct agents:

D-(-)-Ephedrine = Acts indirectly and as a nasal decongestant Propylhexedrine = Most active of the four isomers Phenoxybenzamine = Alleviates sympathetic effects Amphetamine = Also used to treat narcolepsy Signup and view all the answers

Match these terms with their respective categories:

D-(-)-Ephedrine = Nasal decongestant agent Propylhexedrine = Adrenergic decongestant Amphetamine = Stimulant for ADHD Phenoxybenzamine = Alpha antagonist for tumors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects with their related agents:

Propylhexedrine = Dilation of the pupil D-(-)-Ephedrine = Used in treating asthma Phenoxybenzamine = Results in tachycardia Amphetamine = Appetite suppressant Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes