Antihistamines: Nursing considerations
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Questions and Answers

A client taking a first-generation antihistamine reports experiencing significant drowsiness. Which instruction should the nurse provide to promote client safety?

  • Increase the dosage to build a tolerance to the sedative effects.
  • Avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving, and avoid alcohol. (correct)
  • Take the medication in the morning to minimize daytime sleepiness.
  • Drink caffeinated beverages to counteract the sedative effects.

A parent calls the clinic reporting their child has taken an excessive amount of an antihistamine. Which of the following symptoms would be most concerning and require immediate medical attention?

  • Drowsiness and decreased activity.
  • Mild skin rash and itching.
  • Excitation, hallucinations, and seizures. (correct)
  • Dry mouth and mild constipation.

A client with a history of urinary retention is prescribed an antihistamine. Which assessment finding would indicate an adverse effect related to their pre-existing condition?

  • Increased frequency of urination.
  • Improved bladder emptying.
  • Difficulty initiating urination. (correct)
  • Decreased nocturia.

A client is prescribed both an antihistamine and a CNS depressant. What potential interaction should the nurse monitor for?

<p>Additive CNS depression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed loratadine while breastfeeding. What information should the nurse provide regarding the safety of this medication during lactation?

<p>Loratadine is considered safe to use while breastfeeding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a persistent cough and a history of controlled diabetes is prescribed guaifenesin. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize when educating this client?

<p>Monitor cough frequency and characteristics, reporting any changes lasting longer than one week. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with chronic bronchitis is prescribed acetylcysteine. Which finding would indicate that the medication is effective?

<p>Reduced thickness/amount of respiratory secretions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking phenylephrine for nasal congestion reports feeling anxious and having difficulty sleeping. What is the most likely cause of these adverse effects?

<p>The medication is stimulating alpha1-adrenergic receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a client with cystic fibrosis who is prescribed acetylcysteine. What is the primary goal of administering this medication to this client?

<p>To decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed guaifenesin combined with an antitussive. What information should the nurse emphasize when teaching this client?

<p>Read the OTC label carefully to understand the combined medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with asthma is prescribed both formoterol and an inhaled glucocorticoid. What is the primary reason for prescribing formoterol in this scenario?

<p>To manage asthma symptoms on a long-term basis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to differentiate between short-acting and long-acting beta2 adrenergic agonists when managing a patient's asthma?

<p>To select the appropriate agent for either acute symptom relief or long-term control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) without a spacer struggles to coordinate inhalation with actuation. How does using a spacer improve medication delivery?

<p>It holds the medication in suspension, allowing more time for inhalation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient using a metered-dose inhaler reports experiencing tremors. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize when educating the patient?

<p>Reduce caffeine intake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed a long-acting beta2 agonist inhaler. They report using it every time they experience shortness of breath. What education should the nurse provide?

<p>Explain that long-acting beta2 agonists are for long-term control and not for acute exacerbations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with asthma is being discharged. Which of the following instructions regarding their asthma medications is MOST important to emphasize?

<p>Do not exceed prescribed doses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of asthma exacerbations is prescribed a metered-dose inhaler. What key instruction should the nurse provide regarding the use of the inhaler?

<p>Exhale completely before inhaling the medication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding indicates effective long-term control of a patient's asthma?

<p>Absence of wheezing and clear breath sounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with COPD is prescribed an inhaled bronchodilator and beclomethasone. What is the MOST important instruction the nurse should give regarding the administration of these medications?

<p>Use the bronchodilator first to open the airways, then use the beclomethasone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client who has been taking oral prednisone for a chronic respiratory condition is experiencing muscle weakness. Which action should the nurse anticipate?

<p>Monitor the client's electrolyte levels, especially potassium, and adjust prednisone dosage as prescribed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is teaching a client about potential adverse effects of inhaled beclomethasone. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

<p>Potential for developing oral candidiasis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed long-term oral prednisone for severe asthma. Which dietary recommendation is MOST important for the nurse to include in the client's education?

<p>Consume a diet high in calcium and vitamin D. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a client prescribed prednisone, which of the following findings would warrant immediate collaboration with the provider?

<p>Presence of black, tarry stools. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking dextromethorphan reports experiencing mild nausea and dizziness. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

<p>Advise the client that these are expected side effects and they should continue taking the medication as prescribed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pregnant client at risk for preterm labor is prescribed glucocorticoids. What is the PRIMARY therapeutic effect the nurse expects from this medication in this scenario?

<p>To promote fetal lung maturity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with diabetes who is prescribed oral prednisone should be educated about which potential side effect that may require adjustments to their antidiabetic medications?

<p>Hyperglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of which condition should use guaifenesin with caution?

<p>Asthma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instructions is MOST important for a nurse to give a client who is starting long-term glucocorticoid therapy regarding adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Never abruptly stop taking the medication; it must be tapered off under medical supervision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed both dextromethorphan and an MAOI antidepressant. What potential adverse reaction should the nurse monitor for?

<p>High fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A breastfeeding mother is considering taking guaifenesin for a cold. What is the most appropriate advice the nurse should provide?

<p>The safety of guaifenesin during breastfeeding is not established, so consult with your provider first. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client reports that dextromethorphan is no longer effectively suppressing their cough. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

<p>Assess for potential tolerance or misuse and notify the provider. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed guaifenesin for chest congestion. What instruction should the nurse give the client regarding fluid intake?

<p>Increase fluid intake to help thin the mucus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 10-year-old child has a persistent cough due to a cold. Which form of dextromethorphan is most appropriate, considering age restrictions?

<p>Syrups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking guaifenesin reports developing a rash. What is the priority nursing action?

<p>Instruct the client to stop taking the medication and notify the healthcare provider. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient using topical decongestants for an extended period reports increased nasal congestion despite continued use. What is the most likely cause of this phenomenon?

<p>Rebound congestion due to prolonged use of the topical agent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of which condition should be closely monitored while using oral decongestants?

<p>Coronary artery disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are nasal drops sometimes preferred over nasal sprays for children?

<p>Nasal drops can be administered more precisely, preventing toxicity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient teaching session comparing topical and oral decongestants should emphasize that, compared to oral decongestants, topical decongestants generally have which characteristic?

<p>Increased effectiveness and faster action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of antihistamines in alleviating allergy symptoms?

<p>Blocking histamine release in small blood vessels, capillaries, and nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking diphenhydramine (a first-generation antihistamine) is likely to experience which of the following side effects that is less common with second-generation antihistamines?

<p>Drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with allergic rhinitis is prescribed loratadine. What should the nurse explain about this medication's effect on nasal congestion?

<p>Loratadine will relieve itching, sneezing, and runny nose but will not relieve nasal congestion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction is most important to provide to a patient using nasal spray?

<p>Follow the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with COPD is prescribed ipratropium. What is the expected primary therapeutic effect of this medication?

<p>Dilation of the bronchioles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed ipratropium for COPD. Which potential adverse effect requires careful monitoring by the nurse?

<p>Urinary retention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking ipratropium also uses an albuterol inhaler. Which instruction regarding the use of these inhalers should the nurse provide?

<p>Use the albuterol inhaler first to open the airways, then use the ipratropium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client reports experiencing a dry mouth after using an ipratropium inhaler. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?

<p>Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free hard candies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a known allergy to peanuts is prescribed a combination ipratropium/albuterol inhaler. What is the nurse's priority action?

<p>Withhold the medication and notify the prescribing provider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed ipratropium for long-term management of COPD symptoms. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching regarding the use of this medication?

<p>&quot;I can use this medication to relieve acute asthma symptoms.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client using an ipratropium inhaler reports blurred vision and eye pain. Which of the following complications might the client be experiencing?

<p>Angle-closure glaucoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of asthma is prescribed a short-acting beta2 agonist inhaler. What should the nurse emphasize regarding when to use this medication?

<p>Use it only when experiencing acute asthma symptoms, such as wheezing or shortness of breath. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is providing education to a client newly prescribed ipratropium. Which of the following statements is the most important to include?

<p>&quot;Report any changes in vision to your healthcare provider immediately.&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient's asthma is well-controlled with a long-acting beta2 agonist and an inhaled corticosteroid. However, they are still experiencing occasional exercise-induced bronchospasm. What would be the most appropriate recommendation?

<p>Add a short-acting beta2 agonist to be used 5-10 minutes prior to exercise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed both an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) for asthma management. What is the PRIMARY reason LABAs are not prescribed alone in asthma?

<p>Using LABAs alone may mask underlying inflammation and increase the risk of severe asthma exacerbations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) forgets when to coordinate their breathing with the inhaler. Place each of the following steps in the correct order:

  1. Inhale slowly and deeply while depressing the inhaler
  2. Hold breath for 10 seconds
  3. Exhale completely
  4. Hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth

<p>3, 4, 1, 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with asthma is prescribed beclomethasone via inhalation. What is the primary expected outcome of this medication?

<p>Prevention of asthma exacerbations through reduced airway inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) reports difficulty coordinating actuation (pressing the inhaler) with inhalation. What is the MOST appropriate intervention?

<p>Advise the patient to use a spacer device with the MDI. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client has been taking oral prednisone for the past three weeks to manage a severe asthma flare-up. Which potential adverse effect requires careful monitoring by the nurse?

<p>Adrenal gland suppression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who is prescribed albuterol reports experiencing noticeable tremors after each use. Besides considering a different medication, what is the MOST relevant instruction to help manage this side effect?

<p>Avoid consuming caffeine-containing products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of frequent asthma exacerbations is being discharged from the hospital. They are prescribed a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. What is the MOST important point to emphasize during discharge teaching?

<p>Contact the provider if they need to use the inhaler more frequently than prescribed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed both inhaled beclomethasone and oral prednisone for asthma management. What education should the nurse give the client to help minimize the risk of developing oral candidiasis?

<p>Rinse the mouth with water after using the beclomethasone inhaler (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking long-term oral prednisone reports experiencing muscle weakness. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement?

<p>Discuss the possibility of reducing the medication dosage with the provider (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of asthma begins using a peak flow meter at home. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands how to use this device?

<p>&quot;I should record the highest reading of the three attempts.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease is prescribed oral prednisone for an asthma exacerbation. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide to this client?

<p>Take the medication with food or meals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pregnant client at 28 weeks gestation is prescribed glucocorticoids. What is the primary therapeutic goal related to the respiratory system the nurse should expect from this medication?

<p>To promote fetal lung maturity and decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client develops hyperglycemia while on long-term oral prednisone therapy. What action should the nurse anticipate to manage this adverse effect?

<p>Possible adjustment of antidiabetic medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed long-term oral prednisone for a chronic inflammatory condition. Which dietary supplement is MOST important for the nurse to recommend to help prevent bone loss associated with this medication?

<p>Calcium and vitamin D (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking montelukast reports increased anxiety and insomnia. What is the nurse's priority action?

<p>Assess the client for other neuropsychiatric effects and notify the healthcare provider. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a persistent cough is prescribed a combination medication containing both guaifenesin and dextromethorphan. What is the rationale for combining these two medications?

<p>To suppress the cough reflex while simultaneously thinning respiratory secretions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 10-year-old patient is prescribed montelukast for long-term asthma management. Which administration route is most suitable for this patient?

<p>Chewable Tablet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of well-controlled asthma develops a cold and is considering taking guaifenesin. What is the MOST important advise the nurse should give?

<p>Use guaifenesin cautiously, as it could potentially cause bronchospasm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a patient taking methylprednisolone be educated to avoid abruptly stopping this medication?

<p>To prevent impaired adrenal gland function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client reports taking dextromethorphan and experiences a sudden onset of high fever. This client's medication history should be assessed for concurrent use of which?

<p>MAOI antidepressants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of liver dysfunction is prescribed montelukast. What specific monitoring should the nurse prioritize?

<p>Liver function tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed montelukast to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm. When should the client take the medication in relation to exercise?

<p>At least two hours before exercise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed dextromethorphan syrup for cough suppression. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

<p>Avoid activities that require alertness due to the potential for drowsiness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed codeine for cough suppression. Which pre-existing condition would be most concerning in relation to this prescription?

<p>COPD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a nonproductive cough is prescribed guaifenesin. The client asks how this medication will help. How should the nurse respond?

<p>It will help thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to cough up. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following considerations is MOST important when administering dextromethorphan to a client with a history of substance abuse?

<p>Administer the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed methylprednisolone. What dietary instruction is most important for minimizing the risk of bone loss?

<p>Increase intake of calcium and vitamin D. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking phenytoin concurrently begins montelukast therapy. What adjustments to monitoring should be considered?

<p>Monitor for decreased effectiveness of montelukast. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who is about to start taking guaifenesin. Which of the following medications, if also present on the list, would warrant further investigation due to potential interactions or contraindications?

<p>A sustained-release opioid analgesic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking dextromethorphan for cough suppression reports experiencing mild nausea. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate?

<p>Advise the client to take the medication with food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with a history of hypertension is prescribed an antihistamine for seasonal allergies. Which assessment finding would warrant immediate consultation with the healthcare provider?

<p>Increased blood pressure reading significantly above baseline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client is prescribed promethazine intravenously. Which of the following assessment findings would be of MOST concern, indicating a severe adverse effect requiring immediate intervention?

<p>Swelling, pain, and redness at the IV insertion site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST important teaching point a nurse should emphasize when educating a client who is switching from a first-generation antihistamine to loratadine (a second-generation antihistamine)?

<p>Loratadine is less likely to cause drowsiness than first-generation antihistamines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 5-year-old child is accidentally given an excessive dose of diphenhydramine. Which of the following signs and symptoms would be MOST indicative of acute antihistamine toxicity requiring immediate medical intervention?

<p>Excitation, hallucinations, and uncoordinated movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client taking an antihistamine for motion sickness is planning a long car ride. Which instruction should the nurse provide to ensure their safety and comfort during the trip?

<p>Plan to avoid driving to mitigate potential drowsiness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Medication Effectiveness

Medication effectiveness assessed by controlling bronchospasms in COPD and preventing allergen/exercise-induced bronchospasms.

Inhaler Side Effects

Rinse mouth after use to prevent oral candidiasis and hoarseness.

Glucocorticoids Action

These medications prevent inflammation, suppress mucus, and improve beta2 receptor response in the airways.

Glucocorticoids Uses

Short-term IV for status asthmaticus; inhaled for asthma prophylaxis; oral for acute episodes or chronic asthma.

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Beclomethasone Side Effects

Speaking difficulty, hoarseness, and candidiasis. Rinse mouth after use.

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Prednisone Long-Term Effects

Adrenal suppression, bone loss, hyperglycemia, myopathy, PUD.

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Adrenal Suppression

Monitor blood glucose levels and consider alternate-day dosing.

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Preventing Bone Loss

Use lowest dose, consume calcium and vitamin D.

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Short-Acting Beta2 Agonist

Treats acute asthma episodes by quickly relaxing airway muscles.

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Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist

Provides long-term asthma control, taken regularly to prevent symptoms.

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Resolution of Asthma Exacerbation

Absence of shortness of breath, clear breath sounds, absence of wheezing.

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Formoterol and Salmeterol

Used every 12 hours for asthma control, not for acute attacks. Often paired with inhaled glucocorticoid.

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Impending Asthma Episode

Frequency and intensity of asthma symptoms are increasing.

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Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique

Hold inhaler 1-2 inches from mouth, exhale completely, inhale slowly while depressing inhaler, hold breath for 10 seconds.

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Inhaler Spacer Function

Inhaled medication remains suspended longer, making it easier to inhale properly.

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Client Education for Asthma Medications

Do not exceed prescribed doses. Take medicine on a fixed or as needed schedule.

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Dextromethorphan

A non-opioid medication that suppresses coughing by acting on the central nervous system.

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Dextromethorphan Use

Cough suppression, sometimes combined with opioids for pain reduction.

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Dextromethorphan Complications

Mild nausea, dizziness, and sedation. Potential for abuse due to euphoric effects at high doses.

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Dextromethorphan Interactions

Avoid with MAOI antidepressants (can cause high fever).

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Guaifenesin

An expectorant that increases cough production by thinning mucous secretions.

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Guaifenesin Use

To decrease chest congestion caused by coughs or colds.

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Guaifenesin Side Effects

GI upset, drowsiness, dizziness, allergic reaction/rash.

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Guaifenesin Precautions

Caution is needed for clients who have asthma (can cause bronchospasm).

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Expectorants

Medications that thin mucus, making coughs more productive.

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Mucolytic

Thins and loosens thick mucus in the respiratory passages.

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Phenylephrine

Reduces inflammation in nasal membranes by stimulating alpha1-adrenergic receptors.

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Decongestant Use

Treats congestion from allergies, sinusitis, and the common cold.

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Expectorant + Fluid

Encourage increased fluid intake to help thin and loosen secretions.

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Antihistamine Uses

Used for mild allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, motion sickness, and insomnia; sometimes with sympatholytics for nasal decongestion.

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Antihistamine Complications

Sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation), GI discomfort, and potential toxicity (especially in children).

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Antihistamine Interactions

Additive CNS depression.

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Evaluating Effectiveness

Improvement of allergy symptoms & relief of motion sickness symptoms.

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1st vs 2nd Gen

1st generation antihistamines cause more sedation and anticholinergic effects than 2nd generation.

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Rebound Congestion

Nasal spray overuse leading to worsening congestion.

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CNS Stimulation (Decongestants)

Agitation, nervousness, uneasiness due to nasal decongestants.

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Decongestant Contraindications

Pregnancy, lactation and closed-angle glaucoma

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Nasal Drop Administration

Lateral, head-low position enhances medication effect and reduces swallowing.

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Decongestant Effectiveness

Relief of congestion and easier breathing

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Topical Decongestant Advantages

Topical agents act directly, avoid systemic effects, and have quicker action.

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Oral Decongestant Properties

Oral agents cause vasoconstriction and CNS stimulation but do not lead to rebound congestion.

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Antihistamine Action

Block histamine release, relieving itching, sneezing and runny nose. First-generation cause drowsiness and anticholinergic effects.

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Asthma Exacerbation Resolution

Absence of wheezing and shortness of breath with return to baseline respiratory rate.

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Formoterol/Salmeterol Use

Taken every 12 hours for long-term asthma control, contains an inhaled glucocorticoid.

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Asthma Medication Education

Avoid triggers, take medications as prescribed, and monitor exacerbations.

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Ipratropium: Action

Block muscarinic receptors in the bronchi, causing bronchodilation.

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Ipratropium: Uses

Relieves bronchospasms in clients who have COPD and reduces bronchospasm.

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Ipratropium: Side Effects

Dry mouth and hoarseness. Manage with fluids or sugar-free candy.

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Ipratropium: Contraindication

Allergy to soy or peanuts.

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Ipratropium: Use Cautiously

Narrow-angle glaucoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Worsens symptoms.

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Ipratropium Dosage

Usually 2 puffs.

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Ipratropium Interactions

Beta2 adrenergic agonists enhance bronchodilation.

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Ipratropium Class

Inhaled anticholinergic, blocks muscarinic receptors causing bronchodilation.

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COPD Med Effectiveness

Evaluates the effectiveness of medication for COPD clients.

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Inhaler Side Effects Tips

Sucking on candy or sipping water can alleviate dry mouth; wait 5 minutes between inhalers.

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Glucocorticoids Purpose

Reduces airway edema, decreases exacerbations in asthma, lung maturity and decreased respiratory distress in fetuses.

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Hyperglycemia

Can cause elevated blood sugar levels and sugar in the urine. Clients with diabetes should be watched and insulin dosages might need to be increased.

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Myopathy

Causes muscle weakness. Med dosage should be decreased and indications reported.

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Peptic Ulcer Prevention

Administer with food or meals, avoid NSAIDs, and report black tarry stools.

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Leukotriene Modifiers Action

Suppresses inflammation, bronchoconstriction, airway edema and mucus production.

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Montelukast Uses

Long-term asthma therapy, prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in adults and children.

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Montelukast Complications

Depression and suicidal ideation.

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Montelukast Administration

Give once daily in the evening, at least two hours before exercising.

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Montelukast Effectiveness

Long-term control of asthma.

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Montelukast Education

Report behavioral changes like anxiety, agitation, insomnia, or irritability.

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Codeine - Antitussive Action

Suppress nonproductive cough by depressing the CNS, increasing the cough threshold.

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Codeine Use

Used for chronic, nonproductive cough.

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Antihistamine Side Effects

Drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation; more common with first-generation antihistamines.

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Antihistamine Effectiveness

Monitor for decreased rhinitis or urticaria. Improved comfort and reduced symptoms of motion sickness

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Antihistamine Administration

Take with meals to reduce nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

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Dextromethorphan Pharm Action

Suppresses coughs by acting on the CNS and is derived from opioids (though not an opioid itself).

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Dextromethorphan Therapeutic Use

Cough suppression, and can reduce pain when combined with an opioid.

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Guaifenesin Pharm Action

Increases and thins mucous secretions, allowing clients to decrease chest congestion by coughing out secretions.

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Guaifenesin Complications

GI upset, drowsiness, dizziness, and allergic reaction/rash.

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