32 Questions
What is the main role of Follicular Helper T cells (T FH cells)?
Activating B cells
Which subset of T cells stays in the lymph nodes to fight infection and does not egress to the site of infection?
Follicular Helper T cells
What is responsible for directing T-cell differentiation into distinct effector cell types?
Signal 3
Which type of T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)?
Naïve CD8+ T cells
What is the main function of Regulatory T cells?
Suppress immune responses
What do activated effector T cells need to find their match and kill infected cells?
Co-stimulation interaction
What molecule plays a role in restoring epithelial integrity after an infection is cleared?
CTLA-4
What is the role of L-selectin in the immune response?
Targeting naive T cells to HEVs
Which molecule binds to receptors on endothelial cells near inflamed tissue?
VLA-4
What determines the fate of T cells according to the text?
Cytokines
Which type of pathogens induce a Type 1 response in the immune system?
Viruses
How do polarizing cytokines affect T cells?
Inducing transcription of new transcription factors
Which proteins act as transcription factors after being phosphorylated by cytokine signaling?
STAT proteins
What is the function of master transcriptional regulators in T cells?
Determining the function of different T cell subtypes
Which type of immunity do extracellular pathogens like worms induce?
"Humoral immunity"
How do polarizing cytokines guide T cells toward different effector fates?
By inducing signaling through STAT proteins
Which type of cytokines are responsible for signaling the differentiation of T helper cell subsets?
Polarizing cytokines
How does the expression of new transcription factors affect T cell subtype activity?
Induces the transcription of specific cytokine genes
Which molecules determine the function of different T cells by regulating gene expression?
Master transcriptional regulators
Which type of immunity is induced by extracellular pathogens like worms?
Humoral immunity
What is the main function of APCs in the immune response related to effector T cells?
Producing polarizing cytokines
What is the function of L-selectin in the immune response?
Guiding naïve T cells to lymph nodes
What induces the expression of transcription factors like GATA-3 and T-Bet in T cells?
Cytokines secreted by APCs
What is the main function of L-selectin and VLA-4 in the immune response?
Mediate T cell migration to sites of infection
Which subset of T cells remains in the lymph nodes to combat infections without egressing to the site of infection?
CD4+ Follicular Helper T cells
What is the primary role of CTLA4 in the immune system?
Downregulate T cell activity post-infection
Which molecule is not required for activated effector T cells to find their match and kill infected cells?
$B7$
What is the primary function of Regulatory T cells in adaptive immunity?
Inhibit excessive immune responses
Which cytokines are responsible for promoting Th1 cell-mediated immunity?
$Th1$ cytokines
What triggers the differentiation of Naïve CD8+ T cells into cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
$MHC$ I recognition
'Signal 3' in T cell activation is primarily responsible for directing what process?
$CTL$ differentiation
'Efferent lymphatics' play a role in transporting immune cells from lymph nodes to where in the body?
$Bloodstream$
Test your knowledge on antigen presentation, activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the different functions of effector subsets. Focus on Signal 3 CD4+ cells, cytotoxic T cells, Follicular Helper T cells, efferent lymphatics, and cell-mediated immunity.
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