🎧 New: AI-Generated Podcasts Turn your study notes into engaging audio conversations. Learn more

Antifungal Drugs and Fungal Infections
39 Questions
0 Views

Antifungal Drugs and Fungal Infections

Created by
@InnocuousWashington

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of antifungal drug is amphotericin B classified as?

  • Allylamine drug
  • Azole derivative
  • Echinocandin drug
  • Polyene antibiotic (correct)
  • What is the term for a dermatophyte infection of the nails?

  • Tinea pedis
  • Onychomycosis (correct)
  • Tinea corporis
  • Ringworm
  • What is the primary causative agent of superficial yeast infections?

  • Epidermophyton spp.
  • Candida albicans (correct)
  • Trichophton spp.
  • Microsporum spp.
  • What type of fungal infection is characterized by soft tissue infections, UTIs, PNA, meningitis, and septicemia?

    <p>Systemic mycoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fungal infection of the axilla, groin, or gluteal folds?

    <p>Diaper rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antifungal drugs is NOT classified as an azole derivative?

    <p>Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a dermatophyte infection of the body?

    <p>Tinea corporis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of ringworm infections?

    <p>Annular, scaly rash with a clear center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mycosis is often caused by puncture wounds contaminated with soil fungi?

    <p>Subcutaneous mycoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of invasive and life-threatening systemic mycosis?

    <p>Candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic triad of symptoms associated with coccidioidomycosis?

    <p>Fever, joint pain, and erythema nodosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fungal disease caused by blastomyces dermatitidis?

    <p>Blastomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a superficial mycosis?

    <p>Coccidioidomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fungus that causes tinea versicolor?

    <p>Malassezia furfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions is endemic for coccidioidomycosis?

    <p>Southwestern United States and northern Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people infected with coccidioidomycosis are asymptomatic?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ system affected by histoplasmosis?

    <p>Respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aspergillosis?

    <p>Typically seen in people with a healthy immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for cryptococcosis?

    <p>Inhalation of infectious material from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of mucormycosis?

    <p>Hyphae growing in and around blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for severe mycoses?

    <p>Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of amphotericin B in terms of its pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Not absorbed from the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining flucytosine with amphotericin B?

    <p>To treat systemic cryptococcal or candida infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biphasic half-life of amphotericin B?

    <p>Initial half-life of 24 hours, terminal half-life of 15 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people who receive Amphotericin B experience renal toxicity?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of lipid formulations of Amphotericin B?

    <p>Reduced renal toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following azole derivatives does not achieve significant concentrations in CSF?

    <p>Ketoconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of elimination of Fluconazole?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which echinocandin drug has excellent activity against Candida spp. and good coverage of Aspergillus spp.?

    <p>Caspofungin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of systemic administration of azole derivatives?

    <p>Skin rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for Itraconazole?

    <p>Treatment of onychomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following azole derivatives has a lower activity against fungi?

    <p>Ketoconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine in fungal cells?

    <p>Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to fungal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is griseofulvin absorbed more effectively when taken with a high-fat meal?

    <p>Because it is a lipophilic drug that is not very soluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the infected cells when griseofulvin is used to treat fungal infections?

    <p>The infected cells are exfoliated and replaced by non-infected tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of administration for flucytosine?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungal infections is griseofulvin commonly used to treat?

    <p>Tinea capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are human cells not affected by flucytosine?

    <p>Because human cells do not have the enzyme to convert flucytosine to 5-FU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of griseofulvin in the body after administration?

    <p>It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antifungal Drugs

    • Classification:
      • Polyene antibiotics (e.g., amphotericin B)
      • Azole derivatives (e.g., clotrimazole, fluconazole)
      • Allylamine drugs (e.g., terbinafine)
      • Echinocandin drugs (e.g., caspofungin)
      • Other antifungal agents

    Fungal Infections

    • Divided into three main groups:
      • Systemic mycoses (e.g., soft tissue infections, UTIs, PNA, meningitis, septicemia)
      • Subcutaneous mycoses (e.g., sporotrichosis)
      • Superficial mycoses (infections of nails, skin, and mucous membranes caused by dermatophytes or yeasts)

    Superficial Dermatophyte Infections

    • Causative agents: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton spp.
    • Typical manifestations:
      • Rash with pruritus and erythema
      • Ringworm presents as annular, scaly rash with clear center
    • Term for dermatophyte infections:
      • Onychomycosis (tinea unguium): dermatophyte infection of nails
      • Tinea pedis: athlete's foot
      • Tinea corporis: ringworm of the body
      • Tinea cruris: jock itch

    Superficial Yeast Infections

    • Causative agents: Candida spp. (usually C. albicans)
    • Presentations:
      • Oral candidiasis (thrush)
      • Vulvovaginal candidiasis
      • Candidiasis infections of axilla, groin, or gluteal folds (diaper rash)
    • Less common causes: M. furfur (tinea versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis) and M. ovalis (seborrheic dermatitis)

    Subcutaneous Mycoses

    • Often caused by puncture wounds contaminated with soil fungi
    • Examples: chromomycosis, pseudallescheriasis, and sporotrichosis

    Systemic Mycosis

    • Chronic and indolent (e.g., blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis)
    • Invasive and life-threatening (e.g., aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, mucormycosis)

    Blastomycosis

    • Fungal infection of humans and other animals caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis
    • Endemic to North America
    • Clinical symptoms: flu-like illness, acute illness resembling bacterial PNA, chronic illness mimicking TB/lung cancer, fast progressive disease like ARDS, skin lesions, bony lytic lesions

    Coccidioidomycosis

    • Also known as "valley fever," "California fever," and "San Joaquin valley fever"
    • Fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or C. posadasii
    • Endemic in certain parts of AZ, CA, NV, NM, TX, UT, and northern Mexico
    • 60% are asymptomatic, 40% have varied symptoms, including fever, joint pain, and erythema nodosum (classic triad, "desert rheumatism")

    Histoplasmosis

    • Also known as "cave disease," "spelunker's lung," and "Ohio valley disease"
    • Fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum
    • Found in soil, often associated with decaying bat guano or bird droppings
    • Primarily affects lungs, can be fatal if left untreated

    Aspergillosis

    • Wide variety of disease caused by fungi from the genus Aspergillus
    • Majority of cases occur in people with underlying TB or COPD but with otherwise healthy immune systems
    • Most common forms: chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

    Cryptococcosis

    • Potentially fatal fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii
    • Acquired by inhalation of infectious material from the environment
    • Defining opportunistic infection for AIDS (but also seen with lymphomas, sarcoid, liver cirrhosis, and patients on long-term steroid therapy)

    Mucormycosis

    • Any fungal infection caused by fungi in the order of Mucorales
    • Characterized by hyphae growing in and around blood vessels, potentially life-threatening in diabetic or severely immunocompromised individuals

    Treating Fungal Infections

    • Amphotericin B: typically used to treat severe mycoses
    • Azoles: used for less severe infections
    • New agents (e.g., voriconazole and caspofungin): used to treat invasive Candida and Aspergillus infections
    • Flucytosine: usually given with amphotericin B to treat systemic cryptococcal or candida infections

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    This quiz covers the classification of antifungal drugs, including polyene antibiotics, azole derivatives, and more. It also discusses fungal infections, including systemic mycoses and other types of infections.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Antifungal Drugs
    180 questions

    Antifungal Drugs

    WholesomePond avatar
    WholesomePond
    Antifungal Drugs Pre-LBL Quiz
    41 questions
    Antifungal Drugs
    40 questions

    Antifungal Drugs

    RadiantHyena avatar
    RadiantHyena
    Fungal Infections and Anti-Fungal Drugs
    39 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser