Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of sulfonylureas in diabetes management?
What is the primary function of sulfonylureas in diabetes management?
- Delay carbohydrate absorption in the intestines
- Increase insulin sensitivity in muscle cells
- Inhibit the breakdown of GLP-1
- Stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas (correct)
Which medication class is most likely to cause flatulence and abdominal bloating?
Which medication class is most likely to cause flatulence and abdominal bloating?
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- Thiazolidinediones
- Biguanides
- α-Glucosidase Inhibitors (correct)
What potential side effects are associated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
What potential side effects are associated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hypoglycemic reactions and dizziness
- Edema, increased plasma volume, and heart failure risk (correct)
- Increased insulin resistance and hypertension
What are DPP-4 inhibitors known to do in the context of GLP-1?
What are DPP-4 inhibitors known to do in the context of GLP-1?
Which class of drugs is primarily used for patients with variable meal schedules?
Which class of drugs is primarily used for patients with variable meal schedules?
Why was phenformin removed from the market?
Why was phenformin removed from the market?
Which of the following is a characteristic of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists?
Which of the following is a characteristic of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists?
What common adverse effect is shared by sulfonylureas and meglitinides?
What common adverse effect is shared by sulfonylureas and meglitinides?
Flashcards
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas
Stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.
Meglitinides
Meglitinides
Promote insulin secretion, often used for variable meal schedules.
Biguanides (Metformin)
Biguanides (Metformin)
Increase insulin sensitivity, primarily used; often used alone or with other drugs.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
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α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
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DPP-4 Inhibitors
DPP-4 Inhibitors
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Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
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Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis
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Insulin sensitizers
Insulin sensitizers
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Study Notes
Antidiabetic Drugs
- Meglitinides (e.g., Repaglinide, Nateglinide): Used for patients with meal schedules that vary daily, increase risk of hypoglycemia.
- Biguanides (e.g., Metformin): Often used alone or with other medications, can cause lactic acidosis. Phenformin removed from market due to risk.
- Thiazolidinediones (e.g., Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone): Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for type 2 diabetes management. Can cause edema, increased plasma volume, and higher risk of heart failure. Rosiglitazone has a higher risk of heart attack than pioglitazone.
- α-Glucosidase Inhibitors (e.g., Acarbose, Miglitol): Cause flatulence and abdominal bloating.
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) and DPP-4 Inhibitors: GLP-1 is quickly broken down, therefore it must be prepared as a sustained-release preparation for weekly use, e.g., Exenatide. Liraglutide is another example of a sustained-release.
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