Antidepressants: TCA's vs. SSRI's
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Questions and Answers

What are the most commonly used drugs for bipolar disorder?

  • Lithium and valproate (correct)
  • Bupropion and venlafaxine
  • Carbamazepine and SSRI's
  • Olanzapine and risperidone

Which drug used for bipolar disorder has a low therapeutic index?

  • Valproate
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lithium (correct)
  • Bupropion

What adverse effect is associated with therapeutic doses of lithium?

  • Hypotension
  • Excessive sedation
  • Confusion
  • Fine hand tremor (correct)

Which drug is used for psychotic mania and to prevent bipolar mania and depression?

<p>Olanzapine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if there is low plasma sodium in a patient on lithium therapy?

<p>Retention of lithium leading to toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antidepressant selectively blocks the reuptake of serotonin into nerves?

<p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect associated with Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA’s overdose?

<p>Lower margin of safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressants have a black box warning for suicidal thinking in children, adolescents, and young adults?

<p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known to cause yawngasm as a side effect?

<p>Clomipramine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapeutic use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)?

<p>Antidepressant effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common withdrawal symptoms associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)?

<p>Headache, nausea, anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidepressants is known for having effects similar to SSRI's but with more adverse effects?

<p>Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI’s) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atypical drug is known for its stimulant activity and is used for treating depression and smoking cessation?

<p>Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)?

<p>Agitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters does Mirtazepine (Remeron) release?

<p>NE and 5-HT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What severe adverse effect is associated with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI’s) when taken with norepinephrine releasing drugs?

<p>Hypertensive crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of which disorder should St. John’s Wort be used with caution due to its potential to induce fluctuations in mood?

<p>Bipolar Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

<p>Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into nerves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs is considered the second line for depression treatment due to a higher incidence of adverse effects?

<p>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main neurotransmitter deficiency implicated in depression according to the text?

<p>Norepinephrine (NE) and/or serotonin (5-HT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is commonly used as first-line treatment for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia besides depression?

<p>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of antidepressants typically takes weeks to develop their full therapeutic effects?

<p>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are not commonly used as first-line drugs for depression?

<p>Longer time to reach maximal antidepressant effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for measuring plasma lithium levels when using lithium to treat bipolar disorder?

<p>To ensure therapeutic levels and avoid toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with therapeutic doses of lithium in treating bipolar disorder?

<p>Coarse tremor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected by mood stabilizers like valproate in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

<p>GABAergic system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of low plasma sodium levels in a patient on lithium therapy?

<p>Risk of lithium toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychiatric symptom can olanzapine and risperidone help manage in bipolar disorder?

<p>Psychotic mania (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with Venlafaxine (Effexor) and Duloxetine (Cymbalta)?

<p>Hypertensive crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s)?

<p>Blocking the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of antidepressants is characterized by a higher incidence of adverse effects and not commonly used as first-line drugs for depression treatment?

<p>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atypical drug is known for causing little sexual dysfunction and common drowsiness?

<p>Mirtazapine (Remeron) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly seen with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) like Phenelzine (Nardil)?

<p>Orthostatic hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with the monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency hypothesis of depression?

<p>Serotonin and norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) are considered third-line antidepressants?

<p>High efficacy but severe adverse effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant group typically requires months for maximal therapeutic effects to be achieved?

<p>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known to have a stimulant activity, no weight gain, and is used for smoking cessation?

<p>Bupropion (Wellbutrin) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs is considered first-line for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia treatment besides depression?

<p>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant adverse effect associated with St. John’s Wort when used in individuals with bipolar disorder?

<p>Mania (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with therapeutic doses of lithium in bipolar disorder treatment?

<p>Hypothyroidism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of antidepressants is associated with the risk of neonatal effects in newborns, such as abstinence syndrome and pulmonary hypertension?

<p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidepressants is known for causing withdrawal symptoms such as headache, nausea, anxiety, and dysphoria when the dose is tapered off?

<p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidepressant class is specifically noted for a side effect known as 'Yawngasm'?

<p>Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA’s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidepressants is considered the first-line treatment due to being effective with fewer adverse effects and developing maximal antidepressant effects in months?

<p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antidepressants have a black box warning specifically for an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults?

<p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidepressants is noted to have a lower margin of safety in cases of overdose leading to cardiac arrhythmias and toxicity?

<p>Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA’s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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