Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the age group that carries an increased risk of suicidal thinking when taking antidepressants?
What is the age group that carries an increased risk of suicidal thinking when taking antidepressants?
- Adults older than 60
- Individuals over 25
- Adults aged 18-24 (correct)
- Children and adolescents only
Which class of antidepressants inhibits the presynaptic serotonin reuptake by acting on the 5-HT transporter?
Which class of antidepressants inhibits the presynaptic serotonin reuptake by acting on the 5-HT transporter?
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (correct)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- Atypical antidepressants
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
What management strategy is suggested for patients experiencing GI adverse effects while on SSRIs?
What management strategy is suggested for patients experiencing GI adverse effects while on SSRIs?
- Take with a small snack or meal (correct)
- Switch to a different medication class
- Reduce the dosage immediately
- Take the medication on an empty stomach
What is the recommended action for a patient experiencing increased anxiety after starting an SSRI?
What is the recommended action for a patient experiencing increased anxiety after starting an SSRI?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the risk associated with antidepressants in adults over 24?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the risk associated with antidepressants in adults over 24?
What common adverse effect is associated with both Gabapentin and Pregabalin?
What common adverse effect is associated with both Gabapentin and Pregabalin?
What is a dose-related adverse effect of Topiramate?
What is a dose-related adverse effect of Topiramate?
Which mechanism of action is associated with Topiramate?
Which mechanism of action is associated with Topiramate?
Which of the following is an indication for Topiramate?
Which of the following is an indication for Topiramate?
What adverse effect is specifically associated with the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like Topiramate?
What adverse effect is specifically associated with the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like Topiramate?
Which adverse effect is least likely to occur with Topiramate?
Which adverse effect is least likely to occur with Topiramate?
Which of the following conditions is NOT effectively treated with Topiramate?
Which of the following conditions is NOT effectively treated with Topiramate?
Which patient monitoring is essential for someone taking Topiramate?
Which patient monitoring is essential for someone taking Topiramate?
Which of the following anticonvulsants is not typically used for treating non-epileptic seizures?
Which of the following anticonvulsants is not typically used for treating non-epileptic seizures?
What is a key reason for monitoring anticonvulsant drug levels?
What is a key reason for monitoring anticonvulsant drug levels?
Which factor is NOT considered when selecting an anticonvulsant for a patient?
Which factor is NOT considered when selecting an anticonvulsant for a patient?
What does it mean when it is stated to 'treat the patient, not the number' in the context of seizure management?
What does it mean when it is stated to 'treat the patient, not the number' in the context of seizure management?
Which of the following best describes when to obtain drug levels for an anticonvulsant?
Which of the following best describes when to obtain drug levels for an anticonvulsant?
Which of the following medications is effective against glutamate-induced excitability?
Which of the following medications is effective against glutamate-induced excitability?
What is the primary indication for adjusting the dosage of anticonvulsants?
What is the primary indication for adjusting the dosage of anticonvulsants?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of effective anticonvulsants?
Which of the following is a common characteristic of effective anticonvulsants?
Which medication is specifically indicated for absence seizures?
Which medication is specifically indicated for absence seizures?
What is the therapeutic level for Ethosuximide?
What is the therapeutic level for Ethosuximide?
What potential side effect of Ethosuximide is most likely to be transient?
What potential side effect of Ethosuximide is most likely to be transient?
Which medication should be avoided as it may exacerbate myoclonic seizures?
Which medication should be avoided as it may exacerbate myoclonic seizures?
Which of the following medications is known to decrease the metabolism of Ethosuximide?
Which of the following medications is known to decrease the metabolism of Ethosuximide?
Which combination of therapies is likely to be effective for a patient experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures?
Which combination of therapies is likely to be effective for a patient experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures?
What is a common adverse effect of Ethosuximide?
What is a common adverse effect of Ethosuximide?
Which medications are preferred for elderly patients or those with poor hepatic function?
Which medications are preferred for elderly patients or those with poor hepatic function?
What is one of the common adverse effects of hydroxyzine?
What is one of the common adverse effects of hydroxyzine?
Which anticonvulsant medication binds to GABA receptors?
Which anticonvulsant medication binds to GABA receptors?
What is the mechanism of action of buspirone?
What is the mechanism of action of buspirone?
What could potentially occur with the long-term use of gabapentin?
What could potentially occur with the long-term use of gabapentin?
Which anticonvulsant medication is commonly used to manage refractory epilepsy?
Which anticonvulsant medication is commonly used to manage refractory epilepsy?
Which of the following may be considered when determining an appropriate anticonvulsant regimen?
Which of the following may be considered when determining an appropriate anticonvulsant regimen?
What is the maximum recommended dose of buspirone?
What is the maximum recommended dose of buspirone?
Which side effect is least likely associated with pregabalin?
Which side effect is least likely associated with pregabalin?
Which of the following best describes epilepsy?
Which of the following best describes epilepsy?
Which age group is at increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior with antidepressant use?
Which age group is at increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior with antidepressant use?
Which medication is known for a high risk of discontinuation syndrome when stopped abruptly?
Which medication is known for a high risk of discontinuation syndrome when stopped abruptly?
Which SSRI has a higher incidence of anti-cholinergic adverse effects?
Which SSRI has a higher incidence of anti-cholinergic adverse effects?
What is the maximum initial dose for Sertraline (Zoloft)?
What is the maximum initial dose for Sertraline (Zoloft)?
Which patient population does not require a dose adjustment for Sertraline?
Which patient population does not require a dose adjustment for Sertraline?
Which medication should be considered for a patient with MDD and a history of anxiety?
Which medication should be considered for a patient with MDD and a history of anxiety?
What side effect is commonly associated with the abrupt discontinuation of Paroxetine?
What side effect is commonly associated with the abrupt discontinuation of Paroxetine?
What unique feature is associated with Fluvoxamine?
What unique feature is associated with Fluvoxamine?
Which patient is at the highest risk for suicidal thoughts due to antidepressant use?
Which patient is at the highest risk for suicidal thoughts due to antidepressant use?
Which medication is most associated with a risk of discontinuation syndrome?
Which medication is most associated with a risk of discontinuation syndrome?
What is the recommended initial dose of Sertraline (Zoloft)?
What is the recommended initial dose of Sertraline (Zoloft)?
Which patient population does NOT require dose adjustment for anti-depressants due to renal function?
Which patient population does NOT require dose adjustment for anti-depressants due to renal function?
What is a common adverse effect that occurs with Paroxetine (Paxil)?
What is a common adverse effect that occurs with Paroxetine (Paxil)?
Which feature is unique to Sertraline (Zoloft) compared to other SSRIs?
Which feature is unique to Sertraline (Zoloft) compared to other SSRIs?
Which medication is NOT a common choice for managing MDD with a history of anxiety?
Which medication is NOT a common choice for managing MDD with a history of anxiety?
What is the maximum recommended initial dose of Fluvoxamine?
What is the maximum recommended initial dose of Fluvoxamine?
Which type of seizure involves both hemispheres of the brain?
Which type of seizure involves both hemispheres of the brain?
What is a common method by which anticonvulsants enhance synaptic inhibition?
What is a common method by which anticonvulsants enhance synaptic inhibition?
Which anticonvulsant is least likely to be prescribed for complex partial seizures?
Which anticonvulsant is least likely to be prescribed for complex partial seizures?
What is the mechanism of action for the anticonvulsant Vigabatrin?
What is the mechanism of action for the anticonvulsant Vigabatrin?
Which class of drugs primarily targets voltage-gated ion channels to exert their effect?
Which class of drugs primarily targets voltage-gated ion channels to exert their effect?
Which type of seizure is characterized by sudden lapse in awareness, often with minimal physical manifestation?
Which type of seizure is characterized by sudden lapse in awareness, often with minimal physical manifestation?
What aspect of anticonvulsants might lead to the need for individualized treatment planning?
What aspect of anticonvulsants might lead to the need for individualized treatment planning?
Which of the following medications is specifically used for the treatment of myoclonic seizures?
Which of the following medications is specifically used for the treatment of myoclonic seizures?
What is a non-dose related adverse effect of Phenytoin?
What is a non-dose related adverse effect of Phenytoin?
What is a key characteristic of Fosphenytoin compared to Phenytoin?
What is a key characteristic of Fosphenytoin compared to Phenytoin?
Which adverse effect is associated with long-term use of Phenytoin?
Which adverse effect is associated with long-term use of Phenytoin?
Which of the following is a precaution to consider when prescribing Phenytoin?
Which of the following is a precaution to consider when prescribing Phenytoin?
Which statement regarding Phenytoin's mechanism of action is accurate?
Which statement regarding Phenytoin's mechanism of action is accurate?
What is a significant adverse effect associated with Phenobarbital use?
What is a significant adverse effect associated with Phenobarbital use?
What is a common dosage range for Gabapentin?
What is a common dosage range for Gabapentin?
Which of the following medications is preferred for elderly patients with poor hepatic function?
Which of the following medications is preferred for elderly patients with poor hepatic function?
What is the primary mechanism of action for buspirone?
What is the primary mechanism of action for buspirone?
What potential effect can occur with the use of Pregabalin?
What potential effect can occur with the use of Pregabalin?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with hydroxyzine?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with hydroxyzine?
How should the dose of Gabapentin be adjusted in patients with renal failure?
How should the dose of Gabapentin be adjusted in patients with renal failure?
What is an important consideration when prescribing gabapentin?
What is an important consideration when prescribing gabapentin?
What is the main mechanism of action (MOA) for Gabapentin?
What is the main mechanism of action (MOA) for Gabapentin?
What is a key characteristic of Pregabalin compared to Gabapentin?
What is a key characteristic of Pregabalin compared to Gabapentin?
Which medication is primarily used in the management of refractory epilepsy?
Which medication is primarily used in the management of refractory epilepsy?
What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin?
What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin?
What is a risk associated with Phenobarbital use regarding physical dependence?
What is a risk associated with Phenobarbital use regarding physical dependence?
What is a common adverse effect noted with the long-term use of pregabalin?
What is a common adverse effect noted with the long-term use of pregabalin?
In treating anxiety, which medication binds to H1 receptors?
In treating anxiety, which medication binds to H1 receptors?
What condition does refractory epilepsy describe?
What condition does refractory epilepsy describe?
What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam (Keppra)?
What is the mechanism of action of Levetiracetam (Keppra)?
Which parameter is essential when selecting an appropriate anticonvulsant regimen?
Which parameter is essential when selecting an appropriate anticonvulsant regimen?
Which of the following is true regarding the dosage of Lacosamide (Vimpat)?
Which of the following is true regarding the dosage of Lacosamide (Vimpat)?
What type of side effects are associated with Levetiracetam?
What type of side effects are associated with Levetiracetam?
What is a significant characteristic of the bioavailability of Levetiracetam?
What is a significant characteristic of the bioavailability of Levetiracetam?
Which patient condition should be avoided when prescribing Levetiracetam?
Which patient condition should be avoided when prescribing Levetiracetam?
What adverse effect is most likely associated with Lacosamide?
What adverse effect is most likely associated with Lacosamide?
Which of the following describes a notable aspect of Lacosamide's pharmacokinetics?
Which of the following describes a notable aspect of Lacosamide's pharmacokinetics?
What is a common route of administration for Lacosamide?
What is a common route of administration for Lacosamide?
Flashcards
Antidepressant black box warning
Antidepressant black box warning
Increased risk of suicidal thoughts/behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults (18-24) taking antidepressants, especially with mood disorders.
SSRI MOA
SSRI MOA
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors block serotonin re-absorption, increasing serotonin levels in the synapse.
SSRI Adverse Effects
SSRI Adverse Effects
Common side effects of SSRIs include GI problems, headaches, sleep issues, and anxiety. These are usually manageable.
Antidepressant Classes
Antidepressant Classes
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No increased risk for adults >24
No increased risk for adults >24
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Black Box Warning for Antidepressants
Black Box Warning for Antidepressants
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Paroxetine (Paxil) Discontinuation Syndrome
Paroxetine (Paxil) Discontinuation Syndrome
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Sertraline (Zoloft) Dosage Adjustment in Renal Patients
Sertraline (Zoloft) Dosage Adjustment in Renal Patients
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Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Use
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Use
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Discontinuation Syndrome
Discontinuation Syndrome
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MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)
MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)
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Antidepressants for MDD and Anxiety
Antidepressants for MDD and Anxiety
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Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
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Benzodiazepines for Anxiety
Benzodiazepines for Anxiety
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Alternative Anxiolytics
Alternative Anxiolytics
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Hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
Hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
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Gabapentin (Neurontin®)
Gabapentin (Neurontin®)
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Pregabalin (Lyrica®)
Pregabalin (Lyrica®)
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Buspirone (Buspar®)
Buspirone (Buspar®)
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Anticonvulsant Drug Selection
Anticonvulsant Drug Selection
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Epilepsy vs. Seizure
Epilepsy vs. Seizure
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Treating Seizures
Treating Seizures
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
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Lacosamide
Lacosamide
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Phenytoin
Phenytoin
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Ethosuximide
Ethosuximide
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Felbamate
Felbamate
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Gabapentin (Neurontin) & Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Gabapentin (Neurontin) & Pregabalin (Lyrica)
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Gabapentin & Pregabalin: Side Effects
Gabapentin & Pregabalin: Side Effects
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Topiramate (Topamax)
Topiramate (Topamax)
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Topiramate: Mechanism of Action
Topiramate: Mechanism of Action
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Topiramate: Uses
Topiramate: Uses
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Topiramate: Adverse Effects
Topiramate: Adverse Effects
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Topiramate: Monitoring
Topiramate: Monitoring
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Topiramate: Drug Interactions
Topiramate: Drug Interactions
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Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
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Valproic Acid
Valproic Acid
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Myoclonic seizures
Myoclonic seizures
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Absence seizures
Absence seizures
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Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
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Ethosuximide Therapeutic Level
Ethosuximide Therapeutic Level
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Atonic seizures
Atonic seizures
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Adverse effects of Ethosuximide
Adverse effects of Ethosuximide
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Epilepsy
Epilepsy
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Refractory Epilepsy
Refractory Epilepsy
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Venlafaxine (Effexor) for MDD and Anxiety?
Venlafaxine (Effexor) for MDD and Anxiety?
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Which medication is most concerning for discontinuation syndrome?
Which medication is most concerning for discontinuation syndrome?
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Which agent may be most beneficial in a patient with MDD and a history of anxiety?
Which agent may be most beneficial in a patient with MDD and a history of anxiety?
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Phenytoin (Dilantin): Dose-Related Adverse Effects
Phenytoin (Dilantin): Dose-Related Adverse Effects
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Phenytoin (Dilantin): Long-Term Adverse Effects
Phenytoin (Dilantin): Long-Term Adverse Effects
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Phenytoin (Dilantin): Non-Dose Related Adverse Effects
Phenytoin (Dilantin): Non-Dose Related Adverse Effects
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Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx): Advantages
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx): Advantages
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Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx): Disadvantages
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx): Disadvantages
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Seizure Types
Seizure Types
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Anticonvulsant MOA
Anticonvulsant MOA
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Enhance GABA
Enhance GABA
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Inhibit Glutamate
Inhibit Glutamate
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Modulate Ion Channels
Modulate Ion Channels
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Phenobarbital (Luminal) Adverse Effects
Phenobarbital (Luminal) Adverse Effects
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Phenytoin Therapeutic Range
Phenytoin Therapeutic Range
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Gabapentin (Neurontin) MOA
Gabapentin (Neurontin) MOA
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Gabapentin Dosage Adjustment
Gabapentin Dosage Adjustment
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Pregabalin: Abuse Potential
Pregabalin: Abuse Potential
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Gabapentin and Pregabalin: Absorption and Dosing
Gabapentin and Pregabalin: Absorption and Dosing
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Anti-seizure Medications: Crucial Factors
Anti-seizure Medications: Crucial Factors
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Levetiracetam (Keppra) MOA
Levetiracetam (Keppra) MOA
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Levetiracetam Dosing
Levetiracetam Dosing
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Lacosamide (Vimpat) MOA
Lacosamide (Vimpat) MOA
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Lacosamide Dosing
Lacosamide Dosing
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Levetiracetam: Adverse Effects
Levetiracetam: Adverse Effects
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Lacosamide: Adverse Effects
Lacosamide: Adverse Effects
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Common Anti-Seizure Drug Monitoring
Common Anti-Seizure Drug Monitoring
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Titrating Anti-Seizure Medications
Titrating Anti-Seizure Medications
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Study Notes
Central Nervous System Medications
- Objectives for the presentation include reviewing the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of commonly used central nervous system (CNS) agents.
- Objectives also include identifying important counseling points for patients prescribed CNS agents, developing an optimized psychotropic regimen considering patient and medication characteristics, summarizing clinically significant drug interactions, and outlining key monitoring parameters and contraindications for CNS agents.
Neurotransmitters
- Major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS include GABA and Glycine.
- Glycine is present in the spinal cord and brainstem.
- GABA is widespread throughout the CNS.
- Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.
- It interacts with AMPA, KA, and NMDA receptors in all neurons of the CNS.
- NMDA receptors are important for relaying continuing signals in the CNS.
- Serotonin (5-HT) has many pathways originating in the raphe or midline region of the pons/upper brainstem.
- It plays a role in diverse processes including perception, mood, attention, pain, and temperature control.
- It is a target for antidepressants and antipsychotics.
- Norepinephrine (NE) is an α₁, α₂, and β₁ agonist with little β₂ activity.
- It is present in the locus caeruleus (LC) and lateral tegmental area.
- It's involved in vasoconstriction, tachycardia, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral resistance, and hypertension.
- It is a target of ADHD drugs.
- Dopamine (DA) has several pathways with diverse functions, including higher-order cognitive functions (motivation, impulse control, and emotion) and the reward pathway (mesolimbic).
- It also plays a role in regulating movement (nigrostriatal) and prolactin (tuberoinfundibular).
- Acetylcholine (ACh) interacts with muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, leading to both excitatory and inhibitory effects.
- Muscarinic receptors affect smooth muscle, and nicotinic receptors affect skeletal muscle.
- Presynaptic nicotinic receptors regulate the release of glutamate, 5-HT, GABA, DA, and NE in the CNS.
- Acetylcholine is hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
Cholinergic Effects/Toxidrome
- Cholinergic effects are described using the mnemonic DUMBELS: Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchoconstriction/bradycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, and Salivation/sweating .
- Conversely, anticholinergic effects are opposite, described as "DRYNESS of the mouth, vision, and bowel."
ACh Effects
- ACh affects many bodily systems, including ocular effects (miosis), cardiac effects (negative chronotropy, inotropy, dromotropy), respiratory effects (bronchoconstriction, increased secretions), gastrointestinal effects (increased motility, sphincter relaxation, increased secretions), urinary effects (detrusor muscle contraction, sphincter relaxation, increased secretions), and endocrine effects (diaphoresis, siallorrhea, lacrimation, nasopharyngeal).
ANTI-cholinergic Effects
- Anticholinergic effects are the opposite of DUMBELS (Dry mouth, vision, bowel).
- They include; dry mouth, flushed skin, blurred vision, constipation, etc.
CNS & Psychiatric Medications
- Includes antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Antidepressant overview includes categories like SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, and atypical antidepressants.
Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- Treatment options include pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and somatic therapies (e.g., ECT, TMS, light therapy).
Pharmacotherapy of MDD
- Treatment decision-making is influenced by comorbid conditions, anticipated side effects, pharmacologic properties (e.g., half-life, drug interactions), previous response to antidepressants, cost, and patient preference.
- Antidepressant effects often take 4-6 weeks to fully manifest.
Black Box Warning
- All antidepressants have a black box warning for an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in adolescents and young adults (18-24) with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders in short-term studies.
- No increased risk for adults older than 24 years.
Antidepressants: Overview
- Includes SSRIs, SNRIs, atypical antidepressants, TCAs, and MAOIs.
- Mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and special considerations are covered.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Mechanism of action involves inhibition of presynaptic serotonin reuptake, which leads to an increase of 5-HT (serotonin) in the synaptic cleft.
- Common adverse effects include GI issues, headache, insomnia/sedation, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, SIADH, and discontinuation syndrome.
- Management strategies address these adverse events.
- Different SSRIs have different pharmacokinetic parameters, such as initial doses, geriatric dosing, renal/hepatic considerations, and unique features.
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- SNRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, leading to increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.
- Higher doses of venlafaxine show dual action on both serotonin and norepinephrine.
- Common adverse effects include hypertension.
- Different SNRIs have specific characteristics in renal/hepatic considerations, and unique features.
Atypical Antidepressants
- Includes mirtazapine, bupropion, trazodone, and nefazodone.
- Mirtazapine's mechanism of action involves presynaptic α2 antagonism and 5-HT2/3 antagonism, leading to increases in synaptic concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine.
- Bupropion is a weak 5HT reuptake inhibitor, primarily targeting NE and DA reuptake blockade.
- Trazodone is a weak 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and exhibits significant blockade of histamine and alpha-1 receptors.
- Nefazodone is an atypical antidepressant that acts as a 5-HT2 antagonist and has some influence on serotonin and NE reuptake.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- TCAs are non-selective inhibitors of NE and 5-HT reuptake, having varying affinities for each.
- Varying dose characteristics result in a variety of side effects.
- Include a range of dose and side effect possibilities.
- Common adverse effects include orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, blurry vision, confusion, constipation, urinary retention, sedation, weight gain, conduction disturbances, EKG changes, and a decrease in seizure threshold.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Non-selective irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase.
- Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is responsible for the metabolism of serotonin (5HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA).
- Potential for significant drug-drug and drug-food interactions, requiring careful dietary restrictions to prevent potentially dangerous hypertensive crises.
- Including issues like weight gain, sedation and insomnia. Specific agents, dosing, and dietary recommendations.
Antipsychotics
- Includes first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs).
- MOA for FGAs is primarily D2 blockade in the brain, with secondary effects on other receptors.
- SGA primary MOA is that of post-synaptic blockage of D2 and 5-HT2A receptors.
- Both classes are associated with a variety of side effects including, but not limited to, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), metabolic syndrome, and cardiac abnormalities.
- Special considerations, such as patient preference, and potential effects for specific age groups (especially elderly populations) must be evaluated.
Mood Stabilizers
- Include lithium, valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine.
- All are associated with multiple side effects, and treatment for them can include the use of multiple medicines. Lithium, for example, is noted for its narrow therapeutic index and requires careful monitoring of blood levels.
Anticonvulsants
- Include a number of important classes of drugs, and each are discussed with their appropriate indication.
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Description
This quiz explores critical aspects of antidepressant use, focusing on the age groups at higher risk for suicidal thoughts and the class of antidepressants that inhibit serotonin reuptake. Additionally, it includes management strategies for gastrointestinal effects and reactions such as increased anxiety after initiating treatment. Test your knowledge on these essential topics related to mental health medication.
