35 Questions
Which of the following is a pharmacological effect of 2nd generation beta blockers?
Delay of remodeling
How do mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists primarily affect the body?
Reduce angiotensin system activity
What is the primary purpose of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Enhance heart performance
Which clinical condition is often treated with beta blockers?
Chronic heart failure
What effect do 3rd generation beta blockers have on blood vessels?
Dilation of arteries
In chronic heart failure, what happens to diastole length with beta blockers?
It lengthens
What is the primary physiological effect of beta blockers on the heart?
Negative chronotropy
What effect do Sodium-glucose cotransport protein 2 inhibitors have on heart load?
Reduce heart load
What is the mechanism of action of Rivaroxaban?
Reversible inhibition of factor Xa
Which specific anticoagulant neutralizer is used for Dabigatran?
Idarucizumab
What is the clinical use of Warfarin?
Treatment of deep vein thrombosis
Which drug is the antidote for Warfarin?
Vitamin K
In case of life-threatening hemorrhage with Dabigatran, what specific neutralizer should be considered?
Idarucizumab
What is the main effect of Rivaroxaban on factor Xa?
Irreversible inhibition
What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin on coagulation factors?
Inhibition of synthesis
Which drug should be considered if non-specific measures fail to control hemorrhagic complications from a factor Xa inhibitor?
Andexanet alfa
What is the main reason for increased atrial and ventricular automaticity due to digoxin intoxication?
Enhanced calcium accumulation
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with chronic digoxin intoxication?
Hypokalemia
What treatment is recommended for acute digoxin overdose to manage hyperkalemia?
Sodium bicarbonate
Which of the following drugs may increase serum digoxin levels by inhibiting its metabolism or cellular transport?
Antibiotics
What is the main effect of digoxin on the ST segment in the electrocardiogram?
ST segment depression
In patients with renal failure and digoxin toxicity, which treatment is preferred due to its ability to rapidly bind to digoxin and neutralize its effects?
Digoxin-specific antibodies
Which diuretic medication has the primary mechanism of action of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the proximal renal tubules?
Acetazolamide
What is a common side effect associated with the use of thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemia
Which diuretic medication is contraindicated for hypertensive patients due to its hyperhydration effect?
Acetazolamide
Inhibition of which transporter in the ascending loop of Henle is the primary mechanism of action for Furosemide and Torasemide?
Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter
Which diuretic medication promotes the excretion of Na, K, Cl, and Mg through urine and reduces uric acid excretion?
Furosemide
What is a common side effect associated with the use of Acetazolamide?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the main function of chronotropy in the heart?
Ability of cells to spontaneously generate an electrical impulse
Which class of antiarrhythmic agents inhibits Na+ flux in cardiac myocytes phase 0 and K+ flow in phase 3?
Class Ia
What is the mechanism of action of Lidocaine in treating arrhythmias?
Inhibits Na+ flux in phase 0 with fast dissociation kinetics
What are the main side effects associated with the use of Class Ia antiarrhythmic agents?
Lupus erythematosus syndrome and CNS toxicity
Which type of arrhythmias is Procainamide commonly used to treat?
Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
What is the primary effect of Propafenone, Flecainide, and Ethacizine on cardiac myocytes?
Delay Na+ flow in CM phase 0 by expanding QRS complex
In the heart, what does dromotropy refer to?
Ability to conduct the impulse from one cell to another
Test your knowledge on anticoagulant medications including the use of INR, Dabigatran, idarucizumab, and Rivaroxaban. Learn about their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and management in cases of hemorrhagic complications.
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