Antibody Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component of the innate immune system?

  • Plasma cells (correct)
  • Complement proteins
  • Dendritic cells
  • Cytokines
  • Which of the following phagocytic cells is primarily responsible for clearing pathogens from the bloodstream?

  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • Basophils
  • Monocytes
  • What is the primary function of the complement system in the innate immune response?

  • To recruit inflammatory cells to the site of infection
  • To destroy foreign cells through lysis (correct)
  • To neutralize viruses
  • To enhance phagocytosis
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Rapid response to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of natural killer (NK) cells in the innate immune response?

    <p>Destruction of infected or cancerous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between the innate and adaptive immune systems?

    <p>Rapid response to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alternative complement pathway in the innate immune response?

    <p>To enhance phagocytosis by opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of cytokines in the innate immune response?

    <p>To promote the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Presentation of antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of the lectin complement pathway in the innate immune response?

    <p>To bind to carbohydrates on pathogens and activate the complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of response involves T lymphocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are most active as phagocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense barrier functions by secreting antimicrobial peptides to kill pathogens?

    <p>Defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is also known as acquired immunity?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells react to specific antigens to become activated in the immune response?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Complement system in the immune response?

    <p>Activate proteins in innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells lack cytoplasmic granules and include lymphocytes and monocytes?

    <p>Agranulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the immune system, which line of defense involves the presence of surface barriers to block pathogen entry?

    <p>'1st line' defense barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protective function is attributed to sebum in the immune system?

    <p>Killing pathogens on the skin's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic phases of humoral immunity?

    <p>Antigen presentation by dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about antibody structure is correct?

    <p>Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two heavy and two light chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

    <p>Antigen presentation to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about autoimmunity is correct?

    <p>Autoimmunity occurs when B cells bind to self-antigens and produce autoantibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibody is responsible for the transfer of passive immunity from mother to fetus?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the different antibody classes is correct?

    <p>IgM is a pentamer and is involved in the initial response to pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Innate Immune System Components

    • Key components include physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), phagocytic cells, and the complement system.
    • A component NOT part of the innate immune system would typically be a specific antibody or T-cell.

    Phagocytic Cells

    • Neutrophils are primarily responsible for clearing pathogens from the bloodstream.
    • Macrophages and dendritic cells also perform phagocytic functions but are not the main responders in blood.

    Complement System Function

    • The complement system plays a critical role in opsonization, facilitating phagocytosis, and lysing pathogenic cells.
    • It enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells.

    Adaptive Immune System Characteristics

    • Characteristics of the adaptive immune system include specificity, memory, and slow response time.
    • A component NOT characteristic of adaptive immunity might be its immediate response to pathogens.

    Natural Killer (NK) Cells

    • NK cells primarily function in the destruction of infected or cancerous cells through apoptosis.
    • They are crucial for the innate immune response, especially against viral infections and tumors.

    Differences Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity

    • Innate immunity is immediate and non-specific, while adaptive immunity is delayed but highly specific and capable of memory.
    • Innate responses are the body's first line of defense, whereas adaptive responses refine over time.

    Alternative Complement Pathway

    • The alternative complement pathway functions to activate the complement system without antibodies, targeting pathogens directly.
    • It provides a rapid response to microbial infections.

    Cytokines in Innate Immunity

    • Cytokines are signaling molecules that mediate communication between cells, influencing immune responses and inflammation.
    • They play roles in recruiting immune cells to infection sites and enhancing capabilities of phagocytes.

    Dendritic Cells in Adaptive Immunity

    • Dendritic cells act as antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity.
    • Their primary role involves presenting processed antigens to T lymphocytes to activate them.

    Lectin Complement Pathway Function

    • The lectin pathway activates the complement system through recognition of carbohydrate patterns on pathogens.
    • It enhances opsonization and clearance of pathogens similar to the classical pathway.

    T Lymphocytes and Immune Response

    • T lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity, responding specifically to antigens and contributing to adaptive immune responses.

    Phagocytes in the Immune System

    • Neutrophils and macrophages are the most active phagocytes, engulfing and digesting pathogens efficiently.

    Antimicrobial Peptides

    • Certain epithelial cells in skin and mucosal barriers secrete antimicrobial peptides to directly kill pathogens, enhancing innate defense.

    Acquired Immunity

    • Acquired immunity, also known as adaptive immunity, develops through exposure to antigens and involves T and B lymphocytes.

    Antigen-Specific Response

    • B and T cells react specifically to antigens, becoming activated to mount an effective immune response.

    Complement System Functions

    • The Complement system primarily functions to opsonize pathogens, recruit inflammatory cells, and promote pathogen lysis.

    Granule-Lacking Cells

    • Lymphocytes and monocytes are types of cells that lack cytoplasmic granules, differentiating them from granular leukocytes like neutrophils.

    Surface Barriers in Defense

    • The first line of defense includes surface barriers such as skin and mucosal membranes that block pathogen entry.

    Sebum's Protective Function

    • Sebum provides a protective barrier by creating an acidic environment on the skin, which inhibits pathogen growth.

    Phases of Humoral Immunity

    • The three basic phases of humoral immunity include antigen recognition, clonal expansion, and effector function.
    • A phase NOT associated with humoral immunity might involve direct cell-mediated responses.

    Antibody Structure

    • Antibodies have a distinctive Y-shaped structure composed of heavy and light chains, with specific regions for antigen binding.

    Antibody Functions

    • Antibodies function in neutralization, opsonization, and complement activation.
    • A function NOT attributed to antibodies may involve direct cell-mediated killing.

    Autoimmunity

    • Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, often leading to various disorders.

    Passive Immunity Transfer

    • IgG antibodies are responsible for the transfer of passive immunity from mother to fetus, providing initial protection to the newborn.

    Antibody Classes

    • Each class of antibody (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM) has specific roles in immune responses, such as mucosal immunity or allergic reactions.

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    Test your knowledge on antibodies, including their structure, function, and the process of antibody-mediated immunity. Learn about the three basic phases of B cell activation, antibody production, and memory B cell response.

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