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Questions and Answers
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
What type of immunity results from the transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?
What type of immunity results from the transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?
What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?
What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?
Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?
Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?
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Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of?
Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of?
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Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction?
Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction?
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Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?
Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?
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When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as?
When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as?
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CD4+ T cells are activated by?
CD4+ T cells are activated by?
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Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?
Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?
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The specificity of an antibody is due to?
The specificity of an antibody is due to?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
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Plasma cells are activated by a(n)?
Plasma cells are activated by a(n)?
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The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are?
The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are?
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The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are?
The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are?
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The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are?
The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are?
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In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are?
In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are?
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Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are?
Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are?
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The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is?
The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is?
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Study Notes
Immunity Types
- Artificially Acquired Active Immunity: Gained through vaccination.
- Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity: Involves transferring antibodies via injection.
- Naturally Acquired Active Immunity: Developed after recovering from an infection, such as mumps.
- Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity: Newborns receive antibodies through the placenta.
Antibody Interactions
- Epitope: Specific antigen regions that interact with antibodies.
- Neutralization: When an antibody binds to a toxin, it neutralizes its harmful effects.
- ADCC (Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity): Mediated by immune cells recognizing antibody-coated targets.
T Cells and Antigen Recognition
- CD4+ T Cells Activation: Triggered by the interaction of CD4+ with MHC II molecules.
- TH Cell: Recognizes antigens presented on host cells with MHC II.
Structure and Function of Antibodies
- Specificity of Antibodies: Determined by the variable portions of heavy (H) and light (L) chains.
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Types of Antibodies:
- IgG: Most abundant in serum and involved in complement fixation.
- IgM: Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens; also fixes complement.
- IgA: Found in secretions like mucus and saliva.
- IgD: Primarily found on the surface of B cells; not secreted.
- IgE: Binds to large parasites and mediates allergic reactions.
B Cells and Cellular Immunity
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B Cells Characteristics:
- Originate in the bone marrow and possess antibodies on their surfaces.
- Responsible for memory response and antibody production.
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T Cells Characteristics:
- Originate in bone marrow, processed in the thymus, and can inhibit immune responses.
Other Key Points
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions: Outcomes include opsonization, activation of complement, and agglutination; clonal deletion is NOT an outcome.
- Antigen Presentation: Natural killer cells do not act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs); APCs include dendritic cells, macrophages, and mature B cells.
- Plasma Cells Activation: Triggered by antigen exposure.
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Description
Test your knowledge on different types of immunity, antibody interactions, and T cell activation. This quiz covers essential concepts related to how the immune system functions and the role of antibodies in protecting the body. Dive in to enhance your understanding of immunology!
