Antibody Discovery and Therapeutic Approval

What percentage of drug approvals in 2023 were biologics?

About 50%

Where can a searchable table of antibody therapeutic product data be found?

www.antibodysociety.org/antibody-therapeutics-product-data/

What is the approximate percentage of antibody approvals in 2023 for cancer indications?

Not specified in the text, but can be calculated from the data

What is the title of the presentation from which this data is taken?

From Antibody Discovery till Therapeutic Approval Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the presentation from which this data is taken?

Rene Hoet Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between monospecific and bispecific antibodies?

Monospecific antibodies bind to a single target, while bispecific antibodies bind to two targets. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of bispecific antibodies in terms of efficacy?

Bispecific antibodies can achieve greater efficacy on a single patho-mechanism and address multiple patho-mechanisms simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of tunable stoichiometry in bispecific antibodies?

Tunable stoichiometry allows for the ability to adjust the ratio of binding to the two targets (A and B), such as 1A:1B, 2A:1B, or 2A:2B. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a recently approved bispecific antibody in the clinic?

CD20 x CD3 bispecific T cell engagers. Signup and view all the answers

How can bispecific antibodies enable first-in-class therapies?

Bispecific antibodies can enable first-in-class therapies by activating two co-receptors/co-factors, enhancing receptor inhibition, or increasing therapeutic window through cell-specific targeting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of bispecific antibodies in terms of increasing therapeutic window?

Bispecific antibodies can increase therapeutic window through cell-specific targeting, allowing for more precise and effective treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Mammalian Display Technology in the context of therapeutic antibodies?

To select antibodies for developability Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size of a library generated from human donors?

10^9 CFU Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential diversity of semi-synthetic 'Explorer' libraries?

10^27 CFU Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bispecific antibody to FIXa and FX in the context of hemophilia?

Mimicking FVII Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the anti-BTN3A antibody in the context of immuno-oncology?

Activating γδT cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using Mammalian Display Technology compared to other antibody technologies?

Improved developability and high affinity/potency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 'EXPLORER' modular antibody platform?

To explore 1027 diversity and select heavy chain and light chain scaffolds that are most frequently used in humans. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using synthetic CDR1 and CDR2 in the 'EXPLORER' platform?

To mimic human diversity in the heavy and light chains. Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'EXPLORER' platform enable the optimization of any antibody repertoire?

By incorporating microfluidics technologies for soluble functional screening and 'shuffling' modules in the final antibody format. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of selecting antibody diversity mimicking human diversity in the 'EXPLORER' platform?

To reduce biophysical liabilities and improve the developability of the antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a large modular human library in phage display in the 'EXPLORER' platform?

It enables the generation of highly developable antibodies with a total diversity of 1027 individual modules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using human donors in the 'EXPLORER' platform?

To obtain CDR3-H3 and CDR3-L3 diversity from human donors. Signup and view all the answers

What are the current limitations of immunotherapy, and how can they be addressed?

Current limitations of immunotherapy include the ability of tumors to escape immune surveillance by downregulating the immune system. These limitations can be addressed through new approaches to induce immune response, such as targeting 'cold tumors' and combining immunotherapies with other treatments. Signup and view all the answers

What are the unique features of gd T-cells, and how do they contribute to immunotherapy?

gd T-cells have a dual effect of direct tumor lysis and immune response modulation. They also have high frequency and tumor-infiltrating capabilities in many cancers, are not restricted by MHC alleles, and have no correlation with αβ TILs, making them a promising target for immunotherapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current focus of immunotherapy research, and what are the challenges in this area?

The current focus of immunotherapy research is on new combinations of immunotherapies, including targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1(PD-L1) for additional cancer indications. The challenge is that only a subset of patients respond to these treatments, and new approaches are needed to induce immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of approved antibodies as inhibitors of immune checkpoint regulators?

Approved antibodies as inhibitors of immune checkpoint regulators, such as aCTLA-4, aPD1, and aPDL1, have been shown to be effective in treating certain cancers, but there is still a need for new approaches to induce immune response. Signup and view all the answers

How do gd T-cells differ from αβ T cells, and what are the implications for immunotherapy?

gd T-cells differ from αβ T cells in that they have no correlation between αβ TILs and TCR Vγ9Vδ2+ γδ TILs, making them a distinct population of immune cells. This difference has implications for immunotherapy, as gd T-cells may be a promising target for combination therapies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the prognostic impact of genes and infiltrating immune cells across cancers?

The prognostic impact of genes and infiltrating immune cells across cancers suggests that the presence of certain immune cells is correlated with favorable clinical outcomes. This has implications for immunotherapy, as targeting these immune cells may improve patient outcomes. Signup and view all the answers