Antibiotics: Types, Resistance, and Selection

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT considered ideal for an antibiotic?

  • Effective for a limited time (correct)
  • Minimal side effects on the host
  • Selectively toxic to bacteria
  • Stable over time

Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial growth by blocking DNA replication?

  • Vancomycin
  • Penicillin
  • Tetracycline
  • Quinolones (correct)

A bacterium has become resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which antibiotic would be the MOST appropriate choice for treatment?

  • Tetracycline
  • Penicillin
  • Vancomycin (correct)
  • Cephalosporins

Which of the following explains why overuse of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance?

<p>Overuse creates selective pressure favoring resistant strains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A clinical lab is testing the effectiveness of different antibiotics. Which test checks which antibiotic works best?

<p>Disk Diffusion Test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic inhibits protein production?

<p>Tetracycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics?

<p>Mutation and enzyme production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test determine?

<p>The lowest antibiotic dose that stops bacterial growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would a doctor prescribe Cephalosporins instead of Penicillin?

<p>Cephalosporins have a broader spectrum of action than Penicillin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria does Penicillin kill?

<p>Gram-positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Selective toxicity

Kills bacteria, not human cells.

Penicillin

Kills gram-positive bacteria by stopping cell wall formation

Cephalosporins

Similar to penicillin with a broader spectrum of action.

Tetracycline

Stops protein production with a broad spectrum effect.

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Quinolones

Blocks DNA replication in bacteria.

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Antibiotic resistance

Bacteria change their genetic material to resist antibiotics.

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Mutation

Bacteria mutate or produce enzymes to inactivate drugs.

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Disk Diffusion Test

Checks which antibiotic works best against a particular bacteria.

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MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) Test

The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that stops the growth of bacteria.

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Vancomycin

Used for resistant bacteria.

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Study Notes

Ideal Antibiotic

  • Selective toxicity: kills bacteria, not humans
  • Stable and effective over time
  • Antibiotics should have minimal side effects

Antibiotic Types

  • Penicillin kills gram-positive bacteria by stopping cell wall formation
  • Cephalosporins act similarly to penicillin, but have a broader action
  • Vancomycin is used for resistant bacteria
  • Tetracycline stops protein production and is broad-spectrum
  • Quinolones block DNA replication

Antibiotic Resistance

  • Bacteria mutate or produce enzymes to inactivate drugs
  • Overuse and misuse of antibiotics worsens resistance

Choosing the Right Antibiotic

  • Disk diffusion test can be used to check which antibiotic works best
  • MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) test finds the lowest dose that stops bacteria

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