Antibiotics: Streptomycin and Gentamicin
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Antibiotics: Streptomycin and Gentamicin

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Questions and Answers

Match the following medical terms with their descriptions:

Cross placental barrier = May accumulate in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid Elimination = 90% excreted unchanged in urine Therapeutic drug monitoring = Needed for renal impaired patient Resistance = Ribosomal resistance to streptomycin develops readily

Match the following effects with their potential causes:

Deafness in fetus = Accumulation in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid Urinary excretion = 90% of the drug remains unchanged Need for TDM = Due to renal impairment Emerging resistance = Ribosomal adaptation to the drug

Match the following substances with their characteristics:

Streptomycin = An antibiotic that can cross the placental barrier Fetal plasma = Site of potential drug accumulation Amniotic fluid = Can become a reservoir for certain drugs Renal impairment = Condition that necessitates TDM

Match the following factors with their implications in medication:

<p>Crossing the placental barrier = Possible fetal risk, such as deafness Unchanged excretion = Indicates effective kidney function Development of resistance = More difficult treatment options Renal patient monitoring = Critical for avoiding toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their related risks or issues:

<p>Foetal accumulation = May cause deafness in foetus Drug monitoring = Essential for patients with renal issues Therapeutic drug levels = Importance in maintaining efficacy and safety Resistance emergence = Challenge in effective treatment of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anti-tuberculosis drugs with their characteristics:

<p>Rifampicin = Mainly used as a first-line agent for tuberculosis Isoniazid = Used for tuberculosis prophylaxis Ethambutol = Primary agent used to prevent resistance Streptomycin = Mainly used as a second-line agent for tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following tuberculosis treatment strategies with their descriptions:

<p>Directly Observed Therapy = Patient adherence support by healthcare provider Combination Therapy = Reduces resistance risk by using multiple drugs Prophylactic Treatment = Prevention of disease in high-risk individuals Drug Susceptibility Testing = Detects resistant strains before treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of administration with their uses for Gentamicin:

<p>Topical = Prevention of IV catheter infections IV = Systemic infections treatment Inhalation = Respiratory infections treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dosage forms of Gentamicin with their applications:

<p>Creams = Treating infected skin lesions Ointments = Preventing infection in wounds Solutions = Topical infection management Injections = IV catheter infection prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to tuberculosis with their definitions:

<p>Multidrug-resistant TB = Infection resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin Latent TB infection = Inactive TB bacteria in the body without symptoms Active TB disease = TB infection causing symptoms and contagious Extensively drug-resistant TB = Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin plus any fluoroquinolone and any injectable drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of TB with their features:

<p>Primary TB = Initial infection usually asymptomatic Reactivation TB = Occurs in individuals with previous infections Extrapulmonary TB = TB affecting organs outside the lungs Pulmonary TB = TB infection primarily in the lungs causing cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following indications to the appropriate use of Gentamicin:

<p>Infected burns = Topical administration Wounds = Topical administration Skin lesions = Topical administration IV catheter infections = Topical administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following TB treatment monitoring aspects with their explanations:

<p>Side Effects Monitoring = Ensures patient safety during treatment Treatment Response Assessment = Evaluates effectiveness of the prescribed regimen Adherence Support = Helps in maintaining patient compliance Follow-Up Testing = Checks for the disease status after treatment completion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios to Gentamicin's administration route:

<p>Burn treatment = Topical Wound care = Topical Skin lesion management = Topical IV infection prevention = Topical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Gentamicin administration methods with their targeted outcome:

<p>Creams = Manage skin lesions Ointments = Treat infected wounds Solutions = Prevent infection during IV use Topical = Provide localized drug action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their descriptions:

<p>Intrathecal Administration = Delivery of medication into the spinal canal Meningitis = Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain Gentamicin = An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections Nephrotoxicity = Toxicity affecting the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risk factors with their associated side effects:

<p>Gentamicin for longer than 3–5 days = Nephrotoxicity occurs in 5–25% of patients Meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria = Intrathecal administration is used Adverse reaction to medications = May lead to further complications Reversible and mild Nephrotoxicity = Requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clinical practices with their implications:

<p>Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) = Necessary to manage nephrotoxicity Intrathecal therapy = Used specifically for central nervous system infections Long-term gentamicin usage = Increases risk of nephrotoxicity Early intervention in meningitis = Essential to prevent severe outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their context in treatment:

<p>Gram-negative = Type of bacteria treated with specific antibiotics Meningitis treatment = May involve intrathecal administration Kidney function monitoring = Important in patients receiving gentamicin Adverse reactions = Risk associated with antibiotic treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of gentamicin use with their details:

<p>5–25% of patients = Experience nephrotoxicity with prolonged use 3–5 days = Threshold for increased nephrotoxicity risk Reversible effects = Characteristic of nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin Treatment for gram-negative meningitis = Specific indication for using intrathecal administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibiotics with their primary uses:

<p>Tobramycin = Eliminating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis Vancomycin = Treating MRSA infections Ciprofloxacin = Treating urinary tract infections Amoxicillin = Bacterial infections in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following side effects with their likelihood based on administration route:

<p>Nephrotoxicity = Rarely occur via inhalation Ototoxicity = Occur more frequently with intravenous use Gastrointestinal upset = More common with oral medications Injection site reactions = Common with intramuscular injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the relevant antibiotic treatment method:

<p>Inhalation therapy = Better lung penetration Intravenous administration = Higher systemic absorption Oral administration = User-friendly but less effective for lung infections Topical application = Used for skin infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their clinical relevance:

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa = Common in respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis Staphylococcus aureus = Associated with skin infections Escherichia coli = Frequent cause of urinary tract infections Streptococcus pneumoniae = Leading cause of pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions related to cystic fibrosis treatment:

<p>Nebulization = Process of inhaling medication directly into the lungs Systemic absorption = How much drug enters the bloodstream Targeted therapy = Treatment aimed at specific pathogens Colonization = Persistent presence of bacteria in respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Streptomycin

  • Streptomycin resistance develops quickly
  • Primarily used as a secondary treatment for tuberculosis
  • Should be administered in combination with other drugs to prevent resistance
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary for patients with renal impairment

Gentamicin

  • Available in topical forms to treat infected skin lesions, wounds, and burns
  • Topical form also useful in preventing intravenous catheter infections
  • Intrathecal administration used to treat meningitis caused by gram-negative bacteria
  • Gentamicin can cause nephrotoxicity, which is reversible and mild
  • Nephrotoxicity occurs in 5-25% of patients receiving gentamicin for more than 3-5 days
  • Effective in eliminating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients
  • Inhalation route results in better lung penetration and reduces the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity due to low systemic absorption

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Description

This quiz covers key information about the antibiotic drugs Streptomycin and Gentamicin, focusing on their uses, resistance, and safety profiles. Understand the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and how these antibiotics are administered to enhance patient outcomes. Test your knowledge on their specific applications and potential side effects.

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