18 Questions
What is the primary reason for the decrease in streptomycin production after carbohydrate depletion?
Lysis of fungal cells
Which of the following is NOT a method used for microbial biotransformation?
Crude extract
What is the primary role of enzymes in biotransformation?
To catalyze chemical reactions
What is the purpose of adding the substrate in a concentrated form during biotransformation using growing cells?
To enhance product yield
Which of the following is a characteristic of biotransformation?
Simple, chemically defined reactions
What is the purpose of immobilized cells or enzymes in biotransformation?
To improve enzyme stability and reuse
What is the primary advantage of using fungal spores in steroid transformation?
Simplified medium requirements
What is the result of incubating spores of Streptomyces griseus with chloramphenicol?
Inactivation of the antibiotic
What is the optimal incubation time for maximum spore-catalyzed chloramphenicol transformation activity?
12 hours
What is the effect of adding glucose or acetate to the spores during the biotransformation process?
Maintained maximum activity
What is the enzyme involved in the biotransformation of natural penicillin G to semi-synthetic penicillins?
Penicillin G acylase
What is the primary application of microbial fermentation in the production of antibiotics?
Production of antibiotics
What is the purpose of adding phenyl-alanine or phenyl acetic acid as a side-chain to the fermentation medium?
To increase the yield of Penicillin G
What is the primary reason for using Penicillium chrysogenum mutants instead of Penicillium notatum in penicillin production?
To increase the yield of penicillin
What is the role of lactose in the penicillin production medium?
As a slowly utilizable sugar
What is the function of CaCO3 and KH2PO4 in the penicillin production medium?
As a buffer
What is the significance of 6-APA in penicillin production?
It is an intermediate in penicillin biosynthesis
What is the difference between penicillin produced by Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum?
Penicillium notatum produces pigments, while Penicillium chrysogenum does not
This quiz covers the process of biotransformation, its role in modifying organic compounds, and the production of streptomycin, including the separation and purification of the antibiotic.
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