Biotransformation and Streptomycin Production

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What is the primary reason for the decrease in streptomycin production after carbohydrate depletion?

Denaturation of proteins

Inhibition of enzyme activity

Lysis of fungal cells (correct)

Disruption of cellular metabolism

Which of the following is NOT a method used for microbial biotransformation?

Crude extract (correct)

Resting cells

Growing cultures

Immobilized enzymes

What is the primary role of enzymes in biotransformation?

To inhibit microbial growth

To regulate gene expression

To adsorb onto charcoal

To catalyze chemical reactions (correct)

What is the purpose of adding the substrate in a concentrated form during biotransformation using growing cells?

To enhance product yield Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of biotransformation?

Simple, chemically defined reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immobilized cells or enzymes in biotransformation?

To improve enzyme stability and reuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using fungal spores in steroid transformation?

Simplified medium requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of incubating spores of Streptomyces griseus with chloramphenicol?

Inactivation of the antibiotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal incubation time for maximum spore-catalyzed chloramphenicol transformation activity?

12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding glucose or acetate to the spores during the biotransformation process?

Maintained maximum activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme involved in the biotransformation of natural penicillin G to semi-synthetic penicillins?

Penicillin G acylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microbial fermentation in the production of antibiotics?

Production of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding phenyl-alanine or phenyl acetic acid as a side-chain to the fermentation medium?

To increase the yield of Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using Penicillium chrysogenum mutants instead of Penicillium notatum in penicillin production?

To increase the yield of penicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lactose in the penicillin production medium?

As a slowly utilizable sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CaCO3 and KH2PO4 in the penicillin production medium?

As a buffer Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 6-APA in penicillin production?

It is an intermediate in penicillin biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between penicillin produced by Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum?

Penicillium notatum produces pigments, while Penicillium chrysogenum does not Signup and view all the answers

Biotransformation and Streptomycin Production

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