Antibiotics Quiz on Mechanisms and Side Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Clindamycin?

  • Inhibits DNA replication
  • Alters cell membrane permeability
  • Disrupts cell wall synthesis
  • Inhibits protein synthesis (correct)

    • Which condition necessitates the discontinuation of Clindamycin?

  • Severe rash development
  • Nephrotoxicity symptoms
  • Liver dysfunction
  • C.difficile diagnosis (correct)

    • Linezolid is contraindicated in patients who have used what medication within the last two weeks?

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Antibiotics
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (correct)

    • What kind of infections is Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole primarily used to treat?

    <p>UTIs and pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious side effect is associated with prolonged use of Linezolid?

    <p>Optic and peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Effective against a limited range of species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotic is most likely to contribute to drug resistance?

    <p>Broad-spectrum agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with Amoxicillin?

    <p>Rash with allopurinol or mononucleosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contraindication is associated with the use of Cephalexin?

    <p>Severe allergy to penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known adverse effect of Vancomycin?

    <p>Redman syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic class does Doxycycline belong to?

    <p>Tetracyclines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a bactericidal antibiotic?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major use does the antibiotic Erythromycin have?

    <p>Management of diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious adverse event is associated with the use of Clindamycin?

    <p>Colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spectrum of bacteria is covered by Linezolid?

    <p>Aerobic, Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole?

    <p>Acute kidney injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with prolonged use of Linezolid?

    <p>Optic and peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk associated with Gentamicin?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotic is typically effective against a wider range of microbes?

    <p>Broad-spectrum antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of bacteriostatic agents?

    <p>Inhibit bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the risk of seizure in patients taking Imipenem & Cilastatin?

    <p>Combination with Valproate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following uses is appropriate for Vancomycin?

    <p>Management of MRSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doxycycline is primarily contraindicated in which group of individuals?

    <p>Children under 8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic class is characterized by causing rash and diarrhea as common adverse effects?

    <p>Cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common serious adverse effect associated with prolonged use of Vancomycin?

    <p>Redman syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following broad-spectrum antibiotics can be used as an alternative for patients with penicillin allergy?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with long-term use of Aspirin?

    <p>Gastrointestinal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT recommended for use in the third trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients know about the use of Prednisone?

    <p>It should not be taken during a fungal infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory tests should be monitored when prescribing anti-inflammatory medications?

    <p>Glucose, electrolytes, and liver function tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration for prescribing Ibuprofen?

    <p>It should be weighed for risk/benefit before 30 weeks of pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect associated with the use of long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) - Tiotropium?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the diagnosis of COPD, which spirometry measurement confirms the diagnosis?

    <p>FEV1/FVC less than 0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of short acting anticholinergic (SAA) - Ipratropium?

    <p>COPD management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be combined with a long acting B2 agonist (LABA) for asthma management?

    <p>Glucocorticoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common adverse effect should be monitored for with the use of B2 agonists?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition primarily necessitates the use of Methylxanthine – Theophylline?

    <p>Cost-effectiveness concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of short acting B2 agonists (SABA) like Albuterol?

    <p>Activate B2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients be advised to do to help manage dry mouth when using ipratropium?

    <p>Use sugarless hard candy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line therapy for management of asthma's inflammatory component?

    <p>Inhaled glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Group A COPD managed in patients with 0-1 moderate exacerbations not requiring hospitalization?

    <p>Bronchodilator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is accurate regarding the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD management?

    <p>ICS monotherapy is not recommended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination of medications is preferred for Group B COPD management with 2+ moderate exacerbations?

    <p>LABA + LAMA + ICS if eosinophil count &gt;300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect may inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have on children?

    <p>May slow growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should not be used as monotherapy for long-term management in asthma?

    <p>LABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is drug therapy considered helpful in asthma management?

    <p>When used appropriately as per guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as compared to asthma?

    <p>Chronic cough and excessive sputum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does smoking have on theophylline levels?

    <p>Increases theophylline clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the bismuth quadruple therapy for PUD?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for prescribing PPIs?

    <p>Hepatic impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a laxative from catharsis?

    <p>Laxatives provide a mild effect while cathartics result in rapid evacuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin levels should be monitored when prescribing antiulcer medications?

    <p>Vitamin B12, Magnesium, Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly prescribed to prevent constipation in bed-bound patients?

    <p>Colace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a known risk factor associated with long-term PPI use?

    <p>Increased risk of fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when prescribing bowel cleansing products before a colonoscopy?

    <p>Electrolyte levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foundational knowledge is necessary for understanding how drugs work in the body?

    <p>Anatomy and pathophysiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized for students regarding prototype drugs in the course?

    <p>Understanding MOA and common adverse effects is essential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population groups are mentioned that require consideration of drug classes?

    <p>Pediatric, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>N-acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of guidance is important to listen for in lectures?

    <p>Specific doses emphasized during the lecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should students focus on to be safe prescribers?

    <p>Understanding contraindications and precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the study guide provided?

    <p>To help students focus their studies on crucial information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course code for Advanced Pharmacology at the University of Alabama?

    <p>NUR 521</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key safety consideration when prescribing sodium phosphate products?

    <p>They should be avoided by patients with electrolyte abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of PEG-ELS products over sodium phosphate products?

    <p>They are less likely to cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is classified as Gram-positive?

    <p>Gram-positive diplococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of scopolamine when used for motion sickness?

    <p>It acts as a muscarinic antagonist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotic is primarily effective against a limited number of bacterial species?

    <p>Narrow-spectrum antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>They have a thin cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with sodium phosphate products?

    <p>Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genus and species name for the bacteria responsible for gonorrhea?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when studying prototype drugs in each module?

    <p>Understanding how drugs work and their applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population groups should be considered when learning about the drug class effects?

    <p>Children, pregnant women, and older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>Acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of drug education is emphasized for prescriber safety?

    <p>Awareness of common adverse effects and contraindications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information should be prioritized during study sessions for exam success?

    <p>Tips and content emphasized in lectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not expected from the study guide regarding detailed drug information?

    <p>List of all necessary details about each drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which knowledge is necessary for understanding drug interactions?

    <p>Evidenced-based guidelines presented in modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical knowledge area when preparing for exams on pharmacology?

    <p>Common adverse effects of prototype drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line therapy for managing the inflammatory component of asthma?

    <p>Inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be avoided as monotherapy in asthma management?

    <p>Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes drug therapy for COPD in Group A patients with infrequent exacerbations?

    <p>Short-acting bronchodilator only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with a chronic cough and excessive sputum production, which condition is more likely?

    <p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of medications is preferred for managing a Group B COPD patient?

    <p>LABA + LAMA + ICS for eosinophil count &gt;300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential side effect is associated with inhaled corticosteroids in children?

    <p>Slowed growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors could potentially influence theophylline levels in a patient?

    <p>Dietary caffeine consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an accurate statement regarding the use of glucocorticoids in patients with COPD?

    <p>They should be used only during exacerbations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic class is contraindicated in patients with a severe allergy to penicillin?

    <p>Cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential complication is associated with the use of imipenem and cilastatin?

    <p>Superinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is primarily used to treat gram-positive infections and is associated with red man syndrome as an adverse effect?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use for tetracyclines in clinical settings?

    <p>Second-line agents for certain bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic class is effective against a range of infections, including mixed infections involving both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Carbapenems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic difference between long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and short acting anticholinergics (SAAs) in terms of duration?

    <p>LAMAs last for 24 hours, while SAAs last for 6 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory test is primarily required for diagnosing COPD?

    <p>Spirometry testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is associated with the use of the long acting muscarinic antagonist Tiotropium?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for short acting B2 agonists like Albuterol?

    <p>They activate B2 receptors to induce bronchodilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing mod-severe asthma exacerbations, which medication is typically used as a short acting agent?

    <p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Phenytoin play in relation to medication levels when used concurrently?

    <p>It decreases the levels of certain medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical feature is used to distinguish asthma from COPD during diagnosis?

    <p>Eosinophil and IgE levels may be checked in asthma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications must be used alongside a long acting B2 agonist for effective asthma management?

    <p>Glucocorticoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can elevate theophylline levels when taking medications?

    <p>Fluoroquinolone antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major aggressive factor contributing to peptic ulcers?

    <p>H. pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically prescribed to prevent constipation in bed-bound patients?

    <p>Colace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin levels should be monitored when prescribing antiulcer medications?

    <p>B12, Magnesium, and Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of PPIs?

    <p>They are effective in treating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a laxative effect and catharsis?

    <p>Laxative effect is slow and mild while catharsis is rapid and total evacuation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy regimen contains bismuth subcitrate for the treatment of PUD?

    <p>Bismuth quadruple therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consideration for prescribing gastrointestinal medications in older adults?

    <p>Higher risk of dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for preferring narrow-spectrum drugs over broad-spectrum drugs?

    <p>Narrow-spectrum drugs provide a specific treatment for the targeted organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes most significantly to promoting drug-resistant organisms?

    <p>Broad-spectrum antibiotics that kill off sensitive organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended initial approach when treating a microbial infection in urgent situations?

    <p>Immediately administer broad-spectrum antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should be considered when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

    <p>The patient’s age and overall health status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common context for prophylactic use of antimicrobial drugs?

    <p>Predictable bacterial endocarditis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can potentially increase the risk of drug resistance?

    <p>Not completing a prescribed course of antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to identify the organism causing a microbial infection?

    <p>PCR testing for specific pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Amoxicillin as an antibiotic?

    <p>Broad-spectrum use, effective against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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