Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Mechanisms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Penicillin in inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?

Inhibition of peptide synthesis
Inhibition of bacterial DNA replication
Inhibition of cell membrane formation
Inhibition of transpeptidation (correct)

What is the effect of Penicillin on autolytic enzymes in bacteria?

It destroys the enzymes
It has no effect on their activity
It inhibits their activity
It activates their activity (correct)

What is the name of the protein that Penicillin binds to in the bacterial cell membrane?

Penicillin-releasing proteins
Bacterial membrane proteins
Penicillin-binding proteins (correct)
Cell wall synthesis proteins

Which of the following antibiotics is considered the last line of defense against MRSA?

Vancomycin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common concern associated with the use of Beta-lactam antibiotics?

Allergies (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is only used topically?

Bacitracin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of bacterial resistance to macrolides?

Modification of the ribosomal binding site (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of Fluoroquinolones?

Inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria are macrolides commonly used to treat?

Both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern with the use of Fluoroquinolones?

Increasing resistance noted (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of macrolides on bacterial cells at higher concentrations?

Bactericidal activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of Rifampin in bacterial cells?

RNA polymerase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes such as DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in bacterial DNA?

To separate DNA strands during replication and transcription (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fluoroquinolones inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV?

The blockage of DNA replication and transcription (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity do fluoroquinolones exhibit against bacteria?

Bactericidal activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of resistance to tetracyclines in bacteria?

Modification of the ribosomal binding site (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do macrolides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?

By blocking the translocation step of protein synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of macrolides on bacterial cells?

Inhibition of bacterial growth and reproduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate result of the inhibition of DNA replication and transcription by fluoroquinolones?

The accumulation of DNA damage and the death of the bacterial cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the spectrum of activity of fluoroquinolones?

Broad spectrum of activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate consequence of macrolide binding to the ribosome?

Inhibition of peptide bond formation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of rifampin in inhibiting bacterial growth?

Inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of rifampin?

Broad spectrum of activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of action for macrolides?

50S ribosomal subunit (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of activity for tetracyclines?

Broad spectrum of activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?

Folic acid synthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sulfonamides inhibiting folic acid synthesis in bacteria?

Inhibited bacterial survival (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanism of bacterial resistance to rifampin?

Efflux of the antibiotic from the bacterial cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using rifampin in combination with other antibiotics?

To prevent the development of resistance (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Major Targets for Antibacterial Action

Cell wall synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis
Metabolic processes

Antibiotics that Target Cell Wall Synthesis

Penicillin (Penicillins, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Amoxicillin, Methicillin)
Mode of action: inhibit transpeptidation and activate autolytic enzymes
Target organisms: Gram-positive organisms
Special concerns: allergies, beta-lactamase

Antibiotics that Target Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin)
Mode of action: inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, blocking DNA replication and transcription
Target organisms: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria
Special concerns: increasing resistance, quick resistance development
Macrolides (Rifampin)
Mode of action: inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
Target organisms: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria
Special concerns: bactericidal activity, modification of the ribosomal binding site, efflux pumps

Antibiotics that Inhibit Metabolic Processes

Sulfonamides (Gantrisin, SXT, Bactrim)
Mode of action: inhibit folic acid synthesis by imitating PABA
Target organisms: Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria
Special concerns: allergic reactions, sun sensitivity, synergistic use with trimethoprim

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