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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of bactericidal antibiotics?
What is the primary action of bactericidal antibiotics?
Which class of antibiotics does not affect cell wall synthesis?
Which class of antibiotics does not affect cell wall synthesis?
What is a characteristic of broad spectrum antibiotics?
What is a characteristic of broad spectrum antibiotics?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of failure in antimicrobial chemotherapy?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of failure in antimicrobial chemotherapy?
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Which group of antibiotics specifically interferes with protein synthesis at the 50S subunit?
Which group of antibiotics specifically interferes with protein synthesis at the 50S subunit?
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What mechanism is primarily affected by sulfonamides?
What mechanism is primarily affected by sulfonamides?
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Which of the following antibiotics is considered bacteriostatic?
Which of the following antibiotics is considered bacteriostatic?
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What is one of the mechanisms of action of quinolones?
What is one of the mechanisms of action of quinolones?
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Study Notes
Antimicrobial Agents
- Antimicrobial agents: used for destruction of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) in vivo (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral) and in vitro (antiseptics, disinfectants).
Antibiotics
- Antibiotics: substances naturally derived or synthetically prepared that can kill (bactericidal) or inhibit growth (bacteriostatic) of bacteria, but cause no harm to the patient (selective toxicity).
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Broad spectrum antibiotics: active against several types of microorganisms.
- Narrow spectrum antibiotics: active against one or very few types of microorganisms.
Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
- Bacteriostatic antibiotics: inhibit bacterial growth.
Bactericidal Antibiotics
- Bactericidal antibiotics: kill microorganisms.
Examples of Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
- Chloramphenicol
- Erythromycin
- Clindamycin
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim
- Tetracyclines
Examples of Bactericidal Antibiotics
- Aminoglycosides
- Vancomycin
- Quinolones
- Rifampin
- Metronidazole
Mechanisms of Action
- Cell Wall Synthesis: Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams), Vancomycin, Bacitracin
- Folate synthesis: Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis: DNA gyrase inhibitors (quinolones), RNA polymerase inhibitors (rifampin)
- 30S subunit: Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides
- 50S subunit: Macrolides (erythromycin, clindamycin), Lincosamides, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins
- Cell membrane: Polymyxins
Causes of Failure of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
- Viral or mixed bacterial infection
- Wrong choice of antibiotics
- Inadequate doses of the suitable antimicrobial agent
- Inadequate duration of treatment by the antimicrobial agent
- Wrong route of administration
- Use of antagonistic antibiotic combination
- Development of antimicrobial resistance
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Description
Test your knowledge on antimicrobial agents and the different categories of antibiotics. This quiz covers bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics, as well as broad and narrow spectrum classifications. Challenge yourself with examples and definitions used in medical microbiology.
