Antibioticos e Patogenes
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Questions and Answers

Qual pathogen es principalmente commensal e rara vice pathogenic?

  • Candida spp.
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Gardnerella vaginalis
  • Lactobacillus spp. (correct)

    • Aerobe vaginitis es causate per Lactobacillus spp. que es crescite de manera exagerate.

    True (A)

    Quo causa un infeccione vaginal candida?

    Usa de antibioticos

    Gardnerella vaginalis es gram ______.

    <p>positiv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associa le pathogenen con lor descriptions:

    <p>Lactobacillus spp. = Gram positif bacil, non pathogenic Gardnerella vaginalis = Gram positiv pleomorf, difficile crescite Streptococcus agalactiae = Gram positiv streptokokken, causa opportunistic infections Candida spp. = Causa infeccione candi, habitualmente post antibioticos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le methodo serologic pro diagnosticar infecciones causate per Leptospira interrogens?

    <p>IgG e IgM determination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leptospira interrogens pote causar un mortalitate de 5 a 10%.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo debe esser facite pro prevenire infetiones causate per Leptospira interrogens?

    <p>Portar vestes con mangas longas e inspeccionar visualmente.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le _________ es un effetto de antibioticos que provoca le morte de bacterias.

    <p>bactericid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associa le classos de antibioticos con lor functiones:

    <p>β-lactams = Celwandsynthese Tetracyclines = Proteïne synthese Trimethoprim = Nucleinezuur synthese Daptomycine = Celmembraan functie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es le criterium pro distinguer un antibiotico bactericid de un bacteriostatic?

    <p>Le cappacitate de interromper le crecimiento (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibioticos de amplo spektrum son effective solo contra species specific.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le principa causa del resistentia natural in bacterias?

    <p>Le resistentia es codificate in le chromosoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le _________ es un tipo de antibiotico que impide le crescimento de bacterias.

    <p>bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste optiones es correcte pro le traitement de meningitis bacterian? (Selecte tote le optiones correcte)

    <p>Amoxicillina (A), Penicillina (B), Vancomicina (C), Cefalosporinas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le pathogeno Listeria monocytogenes es typicamente resistente al cefalosporinas.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale duo typos de pathogenos es communmente associate con endocarditis?

    <p>Streptococcus e Staphylococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le ______ gruppo de pathogenos es associate con endocarditis e include Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella spp., e Kingella spp.

    <p>HACEK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associa le pathogenos con lor characteristicas de cultura:

    <p><em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> = Kolonias grise con un modello non-hemolytico <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> = Kolonias grise con un modello β-hemolytico <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> = Kolonias alpha-hemolytico <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> = Kolonias aureo con un modello β-hemolytico</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pro le collecta de hemoculturas, le usar de 2 settes de par es necessari pro aumentar le probabilitate de detectar un basse quantitate de bacterias.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste optiones es un factor importante pro considerar in le collecta de hemoculturas?

    <p>Le quantitate exacte de sangue collectate (A), Le uso de disinfectives appropriate pro preparar le sito del puncture (B), Le tempore del die quando le sangue es collectate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le significato clinic de un hemocultura positive?

    <p>Un hemocultura positive indica que le bacteria es presente in le sangue, suggerente un infection bacterian systemic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual bacteria es responsabile pro urethritis e es asociata con mucosaal contact?

    <p>Mycoplasma genitalium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tutte le patientes asymptomatique deben esser testate pro Mycoplasma genitalium.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo determina le sensibilitate de un bacteria in le tratamento?

    <p>Moleculaire bepaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mycoplasma genitalium non ha un __________, lo que permitte un rapide changement de forma.

    <p>celwall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associa le pathogene con lor treatment:

    <p>Mycoplasma genitalium = Doxycycline si allergia a penicilline Treponema pallidum = Penicilline Haemophilus ducreyi = Trattamento non specificato Gardnerella vaginalis = Restaurar la microbiota normale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quo es un symptom tipic de syfilis in le stadio primari?

    <p>Knobbeltje (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treponema pallidum pote esser cultivato in laboratorio.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le methodo diagnostic principal pro le detection de syfilis?

    <p>Serologie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste bacterias es Gram positive e aerobe?

    <p><em>Granulicatella</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resistenta a vancomycina es commun inter Granulicatella species.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale pathogeno es typicamente implicate in endocarditis post-stomatologische ingressos?

    <p><em>Aggregatibacter</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brucella melitensis es communicate principalmente per __________.

    <p>ovile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associa le species de Brucella con lor reservorios:

    <p><em>Brucella melitensis</em> = Schapen <em>Brucella abortus</em> = Rund <em>Brucella suis</em> = Varken <em>Brucella canis</em> = Hond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale antibiotico non es sensibile pro Fusobacterium species?

    <p>Cephalosporines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobe bacterias cresci in presenza de oxigeno.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale classe de batterias combina grammatiche positive con resistentia a penicilline?

    <p>Streptokokken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le HACEK gruppo es relevante in __________.

    <p>hemoculturas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste pathogens es un commensale del orofarynx?

    <p><em>Aggregatibacter</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le flora commensal del via respiratori superior es constantemente presente, e non cambia significantemente con le tempo.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Un _________ es un infection bacterial del membrana que circumscrive le cerebro e le medulla spinal.

    <p>meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le pathogeno associate con le morbo de Lyme?

    <p>Borrelia burgdorferi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le flora commensal del via respiratorii inferior es sterile, como le pulmones.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le scopo de un antibiogram?

    <p>Determinar le sensibilitate de un bacteria specific a vari antibioticos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tote le bacterias son resistente al antibioticos.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le resistentia natural es causate per le _____________ de le bacteria.

    <p>proprietates innate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le differentia inter un antibiotico bactericid e un antibiotico bacteriostatic?

    <p>Un antibiotico bactericid mata le bacterias, mentre que un antibiotico bacteriostatic inhibe le crescimento de bacterias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le ______________ es un mechanismo de resistentia al antibioticos in le qual le bacteria produce un enzyma que inativa le antibiotico.

    <p>inactivation enzymatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le resistentia al antibioticos es un problema crescente, e es importante usar antibioticos solmente quando necessari e in le dosis correcte.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Infections

    • Introduction to respiratory anatomy and natural defenses
    • Commensal flora of the respiratory tract
    • Routes of respiratory tract infection
    • Upper respiratory tract infections
    • Lower respiratory tract infections
    • Work flow: specimen collection, macroscopic, microscopic, culturing, identification, and antibiogram

    Pathogens

    • Haemophilus influenzae
    • Moraxella catarrhalis
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Streptococcus pyogenes
    • Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
    • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
    • Bordetella pertussis
    • Legionella pneumophila
    • Chlamydophila pneumoniae
    • Chlamydia psittaci
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
    • Nocardia spp.
    • Rhodococcus equi

    Genus Mycobacterium

    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • Other mycobacteria

    Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

    • Introduction to commensal skin flora
    • Innate defense mechanisms against microorganisms
    • Infection vs. colonization vs. contamination
    • Work flow: specimen collection, microscopic, culturing, identification, and antibiogram
    • Pathogens:
      • Staphylococcus aureus
      • Staphylococcus lugdunensis
      • Other staphylococci
      • Streptococcus pyogenes
      • Cutibacterium acnes
      • Actinomyces spp.
      • Eikenella corrodens
      • Pasteurella multocida
      • Corynebacterium spp.
      • Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis
      • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
      • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      • Capnocytophaga (canimorsus)

    Mycology

    • Introduction to mycology
    • Morphology
    • Metabolism & reproduction
    • Classification & identification
    • Fungal Classification: filamentous, dimorphic, and yeast
    • Pathogens:
      • Dermatophytes: species and clinical presentations (tinea capitis, barbae, corporis, and pedis)
      • Deep mycoses (aspergillosis and mucormycosis)

    Genital Specimens

    • Female genital anatomy
    • Male genital anatomy
    • Genital infections/sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
    • Defense mechanisms: anatomical, chemical, and microbiological barriers

    Meningitis & Encephalitis

    • Introduction for Meningitis & Encephalitis
    • Pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis
    • Listeria monocytogenes

    Endocarditis

    • Introduction to endocarditis
    • Work flow: specimen collection, culturing identification, antibiogram
    • Pathogens:
      • Viridans streptococci and non-hemolytic streptococci
      • Enterococci
      • Granulicatella & Abiotropha

    Abdominal Infections

    • Introduction
    • Pathogens:
      • Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria
      • Anaerobic cocci

    Allergies

    • Pathogen: Brucella
    • Borrelia spp., including B. burgdorferi
    • Leptospira interrogens

    Antibiotics and Resistance Mechanisms

    • Introduction to antibiotics
    • Classification of antibiotics based on chemical structure, target site, spectrum etc.
    • Mechanisms of resistance
    • Methods for reporting antimicrobial susceptibility results

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    Description

    Este quiz explora le pathogenes e lor relationes con antibioticos. Especimen le differente tipos de antibioticos e lor effectos, assi como le methodos de diagnostico pro infetiones bacteriane. Testa tu cognoscentia super le aspectes commensal e pathogenic de bacteria.

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