Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Which of the following polymixins is characterized by high systemic toxicity and topical application?
What is the primary mode of action of amantadine?
Which of the following antibiotics is primarily used against multiresistant Staphylococci (MRSA) infections?
What is the main mode of action of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the virus that is an example of an RNA virus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of acyclovir, valomaciclovir, and valacyclovir?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the common side effect of zidovudine (AZT) treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immune cells are primarily infected by HIV?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of interferons in anti-viral therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary target of topical acyclovir application?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of zidovudine (AZT) in HIV treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Enfuvirtide in HIV treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with Enfuvirtide treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the target of HIV treatment that prevents the conversion of RNA into cDNA?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following HIV treatments disrupts new capsid assembly?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Abacavir in HIV treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Efavirenz in HIV treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the potential side effect of timpranavir?
Signup and view all the answers
Bacitracin is primarily used for treating deep tissue infections.
Signup and view all the answers
All viruses are composed of DNA in a protein coat.
Signup and view all the answers
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) inhibits the activity of viral reverse transcriptase.
Signup and view all the answers
Polymixins are absorbed by the GI tract when administered topically.
Signup and view all the answers
Vancomycin is primarily used for treating superficial infections.
Signup and view all the answers
Amantadine prevents the release of vRNA genome by inhibiting M2 ion channel.
Signup and view all the answers
Valacyclovir is used to treat Epstein Barr-Virus through topical application.
Signup and view all the answers
Ganciclovir is used to treat Herpes simplex/zoster through oral administration.
Signup and view all the answers
Zidovudine (AZT) is a thymidine analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase.
Signup and view all the answers
Interferons are used to inhibit viral DNA synthesis.
Signup and view all the answers
CD4+ T lymphocytes are primarily infected by HIV due to the CXCR5/CD4 complex.
Signup and view all the answers
HIV is a DNA virus that requires reverse transcription to integrate into the host genome.
Signup and view all the answers
Enfurvitide prevents the conversion of RNA into cDNA.
Signup and view all the answers
Abacavir is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Signup and view all the answers
Efavirenz is used to prevent viral entry into the cell.
Signup and view all the answers
HIV treatment targeting CXCR5/4 receptors prevents fusion of viral capsid with plasma membrane.
Signup and view all the answers
Protease inhibition prevents the conversion of RNA into cDNA.
Signup and view all the answers
Enfurvitide is used to prevent the integration of HIV genome into host genome.
Signup and view all the answers
Timpranavir is a drug that is used to treat multiresistant Staphylococci (MRSA) infections.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Influenza Clinical Trial Drugs
- Inhibition of DNA synthesis: acyclovir, valomaciclovir, and valacyclovir inhibit viral DNA polymerase.
- Topical application (acyclovir) against herpes simplex/zoster, varicella zoster.
- Oral administration (valaciclovir and ganciclovir) against Epstein-Barr virus.
- Minimal side effects.
HIV Treatment
- Blocking entry: targeting cell surface receptors CXCR5/4, which is required for virus entry.
- Preventing fusion of viral capsid with plasma membrane: e.g. enfurvitide.
- SIDE EFFECTS: CNS, metabolic, and GI effects.
- Preventing hostile take-over: preventing conversion of RNA into cDNA through inhibition of reverse transcriptase.
- Examples: abacavir (nucleoside) or efavirenz (non-nucleoside).
- SIDE EFFECTS: GI disturbances, musculoskeletal and dermatological effects, blood disorders, liver damage.
- Inhibition of integration into host genome.
- Preventing further transmission: disrupting new capsid assembly through protease inhibition.
- Examples: tipranavir.
- SIDE EFFECTS: GI disturbances, musculoskeletal and dermatological effects, blood disorders, liver damage.
Anti-Viral Therapy
- VIRUSES: originally described as ‘mobile genes’ consisting of DNA or RNA in a protein coat.
- Examples: DNA virus (Herpes Simplex Virus - HSV), RNA virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus - HIV).
- Parasitic mode of action.
- Preventing entry: preventing viral “uncoating” and release of vRNA genome.
- Examples: amantadine.
- Preventing budding of new virions: inhibiting activity of viral neuraminidase enzyme.
- Examples: oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
Antibiotic Resistance
- POLYMIXINS: topical application, not absorbed by GI tract, high systemic toxicity.
- BACITRACIN: topical application, mainly used for superficial infections.
- VANCOMYCIN: oral and injection, bacteriocidal, main use is against multiresistant Staphylococci (MRSA) infection.
- Antibiotic resistance is a major threat, comparable to climate change.
- WHO Essential Medicines List.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Learn about Polymixins, Bacitracin, and Vancomycin, their applications, and uses in treating multiresistant infections. Understand the basics of antibiotic resistance and its implications.
