90 Questions
Which of the following microorganisms is NOT susceptible to TMP-SMX?
E. coli
Which two treatment options can be used for seborrheic dermatitis of the face?
Both topical antifungal and topical low potency corticosteroid
True or False: Ceftriaxone should be avoided in patients with renal insufficiency.
False
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ceftriaxone?
Effective against MRSA
Which group of antibiotics is commonly used to treat Lyme disease?
Tetracyclines
What is the reason why tetracyclines should not be taken with calcium products?
It decreases absorption of tetracycline
Which of the following antibiotics should be avoided in patients with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin?
Cefotetan
Which antibiotic can be used for all of the following except respiratory tract infection, gonorrhea, meningitis, and traveler's diarrhea?
Azithromycin
Is Linezolid primarily bacteriostatic or bactericidal against streptococci?
Bacteriostatic
Which beta-lactam antibiotic has the broadest spectrum?
Carbapenems
Why is bacitracin only used topically?
Not absorbed by GI tract
Is TMP-SMX dosing based on the SMX or Trimethoprim component?
Trimethoprim component
Which antibiotic is active only against gram-negative bacteria?
Tetracycline antibiotics
Which antibiotic can cause thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy?
Linezolid
Which medication should not be co-administered with benzoyl peroxide?
This combination causes orange discoloration of the skin
Which of the following is true about corticosteroids?
All of the above
Which generation of cephalosporins includes cefprozil, cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefazolin?
First generation
Which antibiotic is considered the drug of choice to treat gram positive bacteria causing syphilis?
Penicillin G
Which medication should be diluted with lidocaine during preparation for IM injection to reduce pain and burning during administration?
Ceftriaxone
Which of the following statements about aminoglycosides is true?
Aminoglycoside dose should be calculated based on adjusted body weight
Which type of toxicity is associated with the use of aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity
Which of the following statements about gentamicin is true?
Gentamicin should not be used concurrently with potent diuretics
Which of the following statements about fluoroquinolones is true?
Fluoroquinolones can prolong the QT interval
Which of the following statements about metronidazole is true?
Common side effects from use of metronidazole can include CNS effects
TMP-SMX has antimicrobial activity against MRSA, Klebsiella, and Salmonella.
True
Ceftriaxone should be used in patients with renal insufficiency because it is excreted through the bile in feces rather than the kidneys.
False
Beta-lactamase inhibitors protect penicillins from inactivation.
True
True or false: Tetracyclines are the group of antibiotics used to treat Lyme disease.
False
True or false: Azithromycin can be used for all of the following except respiratory tract infection, gonorrhea, meningitis, and traveler's diarrhea.
False
True or false: Fidaxomicin should be used cautiously in patients with a history of macrolide allergy.
True
True or false: The dose limiting adverse effect of Ganciclovir is peripheral neuropathy.
False
True or false: Cefotetan should be avoided in patients with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin due to potential cross sensitivity?
True
True or false: Carbapenems have the broadest spectrum of all the beta-lactam antibiotics?
True
True or false: Vancomycin is ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?
False
Long term use of methoxsalen can result in sunburn, cataracts, skin cancer, hypertension.
True
Significant side effects from use of corticosteroids can include suppression of HPA axis, glaucoma, growth retardation.
True
Crisaborole can be used in pediatrics without any significant concerns.
False
Topical Doxepin should not be used longer than 30 days.
False
True or false: Ointments may be a good choice to treat chronic skin disorders since the area tends to be dry and ointments are more moisturizing
True
True or false: Tapering strategies of topical corticosteroids are suggested to increase efficacy, minimize metabolism, and avoid withdrawal rebound
True
True or false: Use of an occlusive dressing can enhance penetration of the corticosteroid
True
True or false: Improvement in acne is rapid when hormonal therapy is used in females older than 15 years old
False
Neomycin Aminoglycosides are bacteriostatic
False
Single daily dosing of aminoglycosides has greater efficacy but also more toxicity
False
When should a peak level of aminoglycoside be drawn 5-10 minutes after the dose
False
For an obese patient aminoglycoside dose should be calculated based on ideal body weight
False
Which type of toxicity is not seen with use of aminoglycosides neurotoxicity hepatoxicity nephrotoxicity ototoxicity
False
Gentamicin should not be used concurrently with potent diuretics to avoid increased risk of ototoxicity
True
Gentamicin can be used safely in pregnancy
False
Fluoroquinolone absorption can be impaired by any products containing zinc iron calcium all of the above
True
Fluoroquinolones have a post antibiotic effect
True
Fluoroquinolones all have activity against MRSA
False
Fluoroquinolones can be described as all of the following except bactericidal broad spectrum antimicrobials with minimal resistance antimicrobials with a post antibiotic effect
False
Fluoroquinolones can prolong the QT interval so are contraindicated in patients predisposed to cardiac arrythmias (except delafloxacin)
True
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause tendon rupture (especially achilles)
True
There have been multiple FDA warnings on fluoroquinolone antibiotics including in July 2018 which warned of effects on mental health and low blood sugar reactions, especially in the elderly
True
Sulfamethoxazole does not have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
True
Patients taking TMP-SMX should be encouraged to drink lots of fluids to reduce risk of kernicterus hyponatremia thrombocytopenia crystalluria
False
Metronidazole requires dose reduction with renal impairment hepatic impairment
True
Use of alcohol while on metronidazole or within 3 days of taking metronidazole is contraindicated
True
Common side effects from use of Metronidazole can include CNS effects Disulfiram like reaction Headache
True
Fidaxomicin has very narrow spectrum of activity with no activity against gram negative bacteria
True
Polymixin B boxed warnings include nephrotoxicity neurotoxicity risk of respiratory paralysis from neurotoxicity, avoid using with muscle relaxants or shortly after anesthesia
True
CMV infections continue to be widespread in HIV patients
False
If leukopenia occurs with Valganciclovir use, the dose should be immediately reduced
False
Which statement about Baloxavir is true A. approved for use in patients 2 years of age and older B. has activity only against influenza A C. has a very long half life, which means it can be given as a single dose treatment D. is an endonuclease inhibitor
False
DNA viruses are more susceptible to interferons
False
Which statement(s) about Palivizumab are true A. used in premature or immunocompromised infants B. half life is 20 days, monthly doses given during RSV season for up to a total of 5 doses per patient C. severe hypersensitivity can occur including anaphylaxis D. all of the above
False
Match the following statements with the correct answers:
TMP-SMX has antimicrobial activity against = All of the above Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the face can include = Both of the above Ceftriaxone should be avoided in patients with renal insufficiency = False
Match the following statements about Beta lactamase inhibitors with their correct descriptions:
Beta lactamase inhibitors = Protect penicillins from inactivation Interact with penicillins, decreasing levels = B Help metabolize penicillins = A
Match the following questions with their correct answers:
Should Ceftriaxone be used because it is excreted through the bile in feces rather than the kidneys? = True What do Beta lactamase inhibitors do? = Protect penicillins from inactivation Should Ceftriaxone be avoided in patients with renal insufficiency? = False
Match the following antibiotics with their true statements:
Cefotetan = Should be avoided in patients with history of anaphylaxis to penicillin Carbapenems = Have the broadest spectrum of all the beta lactam antibiotics Vancomycin = Ineffective against gram negative bacteria Bacitracin = Only used topically due to high nephrotoxicity when given systemically
Match the following antibiotics with their side effects or contraindications:
Macrolide antibiotics = Can cause QT prolongation Clindamycin = Can be used for MRSA Linezolid = Can cause thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy Lefamulin = Can cause QT prolongation and should be avoided in patients with ventricular arrythmia
Match the following antibiotics with their correct characteristics or uses:
Tetracycline antibiotics = Broad spectrum Vancomycin IV = Trough level should be checked before the fourth dose Neomycin = Aminoglycoside antibiotic used topically Lefamulin = Not safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding
Match the following treatments with their associated facts:
Ointments = Good for treating chronic skin disorders due to moisturizing properties Finasteride = Requires renal function, fasting glucose, liver enzymes, and cholesterol tests every 6 months during therapy Bexarotene = Women of childbearing potential must avoid becoming pregnant during therapy due to risk of teratogenicity Fluorouracil = Incompatible with pregnancy and breastfeeding
Match the following skin treatments to their side effects or considerations:
Clindamycin = Can cause severe colitis, photosensitivity, dry skin, and peeling Topical Erythromycin = Considered an alternative agent due to declining efficacy from resistance Tetracyclines = Can discolor the teeth if used in children less than 8 years old Isotretinoin = Possible adverse effects include cardiovascular risk factors, bone mineralization, and inflammatory bowel disease
Match the following medications with their warnings or precautions:
Vesmodegib = Black Box Warnings stress importance of checking pregnancy status due to embryotoxic, fetotoxic, and teratogenic effects Bexarotene = Women of childbearing potential must avoid becoming pregnant due to risk of teratogenicity Fluorouracil = Incompatible with pregnancy and breastfeeding Topical corticosteroids = Tapering strategies are suggested to increase efficacy and avoid withdrawal rebound
Match the classes of chemical organic compounds with their use in skin care:
P-aminobenzoic acid esters = Commonly used in sunscreens Dibenzoylmethanes = Commonly used in sunscreens Benzophenones = Commonly used in sunscreens Hydroquinone = Not commonly used in sunscreens
Match the following medications with their relevant facts:
Spinosad = Topical suspension Malathion = 5% lotion Permethrin = Long term use can result in sunburn, cataracts, skin cancer Corticosteroids = Significant side effects can include suppression of HPA axis, glaucoma, growth retardation
Match the following antibiotics with their attributes:
Penicillins = Considered the drug of choice to treat gram positive bacteria causing syphilis Augmentin = Dose is determined based on the Amoxicillin component Dapsone = Should not be co-administered with benzoyl peroxide because it causes orange discoloration of the skin Cephalosporins = Bactericidal against gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Match the following third generation cephalosporins with their characteristics:
Ceftriaxone = Should be diluted with lidocaine during preparation for IM injection Cefepime = Neurotoxicity from use can be observed as seizures and encephalopathy Ceftaroline = Only cephalosporin with activity against MRSA Cefazolin = Not a second generation cephalosporin
Match the following facts with their relevant medications:
True = Antistaphylococcal penicillins need dose adjustment only when there is concomitant renal and hepatic impairment False = Penicillins do not cause seizures D. Piperacillin = An example of an extended spectrum penicillin (antipseudomonal)
Match the following antibiotics with their incorrect statements:
Penicillins = Primarily used to treat lyme disease Tetracyclines = Should be taken with calcium products to increase absorption Azithromycin = Cannot be used for treating meningitis Linezolid = Is bacteriostatic against streptococci
Match the following drugs with their correct statements:
Fidaxomicin = Should be used cautiously in patients with history of macrolide allergy Macrobid = Has less GI side effects than Macrodantin and is doses twice daily Amphotericin B = Use of antiemetic drugs such as odansetron (Zofran) may be required to treat nausea/vomiting Fluconazole = Has a wide therapeutic index
Match the following drugs with their incorrect statements:
Acyclovir = Is much more potent against varicella zoster than herpes simplex Ganciclovir = Its dose limiting adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy Remdesivir = Can cause tachycardia and hypertension Paxlovid = Does not cause any drug interactions
Match the following drugs with their correct usage or properties:
Mupirocin = Can be used intranasally to eradicate MRSA colonization Imiquimod = Can be used for external genital or perianal warts Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus = Should not be used with occlusive dressings to avoid increased systemic absorption and possible toxicity Ivermectin = Considered first line treatment for head lice
Match the following statements with their respective antibiotics:
Neomycin Aminoglycosides are bactericidal = Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolone absorption can be impaired by products containing zinc, iron, calcium = Fluoroquinolones Fidaxomicin has no activity against gram-negative bacteria = Fidaxomicin Metronidazole requires dose reduction with renal or hepatic impairment = Metronidazole
Match these antibiotics with their specific characteristics or warnings:
Can cause tendon rupture, especially achilles = Fluoroquinolones May cause fetal harm and therefore not safe in pregnancy = Gentamicin Boxed warnings include nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, risk of respiratory paralysis = Polymixin B Contraindicated with alcohol use within 3 days = Metronidazole
Match the following antibiotics with their respective effects or properties:
Has a very long half life, which means it can be given as a single dose treatment = Baloxavir Has very narrow spectrum of activity with no activity against gram negative bacteria = Fidaxomicin Can prolong the QT interval so are contraindicated in patients predisposed to cardiac arrythmias = Fluoroquinolones Does not have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa = Sulfamethoxazole
Match these medical conditions or recommendations with the corresponding antibiotics:
Dose does not need to be lowered only serum creatinine should be checked when leukopenia occurs = Valganciclovir Use is contraindicated concurrently with potent diuretics to avoid increased risk of ototoxicity = Gentamicin Patients taking this should be encouraged to drink lots of fluids to reduce risk of crystalluria = TMP-SMX For an obese patient, dose should be calculated based on adjusted body weight = Aminoglycosides
Test your knowledge on antibiotic prescribing and cross sensitivity with this quiz. Determine whether statements about cefotetan, carbapenems, and imipenem-cilastin are true or false. Challenge yourself and learn more about antibiotic choices and their potential implications for different conditions.
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