Antibiotic Class and Coverage Review

Questions and Answers

What is the antibiotic coverage chart?

Antibiotic Coverage Chart

What is the antibiotic coverage table?

Antibiotic Coverage Table

What is the post-antibiotic effect (PAE)?

Continued suppression of bacterial growth when antibiotic levels are below the MIC for the organism

List five antibiotic classes.

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, Cell membrane inhibitors, Protein synthesis inhibitors, Folate Synthesis Inhibitors, Nucleic Acid synthesis inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

List the time-dependent antibiotics T > MIC.

B-lactams, Monobactams, Macrolides (except for azithromycin), Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

List the concentration-dependent antibiotics AUC/MIC.

Vancomycin, Azithromycin, Tetracyclines, Linezolid Signup and view all the answers

List the concentration-dependent antibiotics Cmax/MIC.

Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin Signup and view all the answers

What are cell wall synthesis inhibitors?

Beta-lactams, Glycopeptides, Bacitracin Signup and view all the answers

What are the subclasses of B-lactams?

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams Signup and view all the answers

What are glycopeptides?

Vancomycin, Telavancin, Dalbavancin, Oritavancin Signup and view all the answers

What do cell membrane synthesis inhibitors do?

Poke holes in the cell causing leakage. Signup and view all the answers

List the protein synthesis inhibitors acting on the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits.

Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Quinupristin/dalfopristin, Glyclycyclines (Tigecycline) Signup and view all the answers

What are folate synthesis inhibitors?

Sulfonamides (blocks Dihydropteroate synthase), Trimethoprim (blocks Dihydrofolate reductase) Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors?

Fluoroquinolone, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin, Rifamycin Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main categories of antibiotic resistance?

<ol> <li>Inactivation of drug 2. Decreased accumulation of drug 3. Reduced ability of drug to bind to target</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antibiotic Coverage

Antibiotic coverage charts and tables summarize the spectrum of activity for various antibiotics against different pathogens.
Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is the phenomenon where bacterial growth remains suppressed even after antibiotic levels drop below the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).

Antibiotic Classes

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: Prevent crosslinking of peptidoglycan, vital for bacterial cell wall integrity.
Cell Membrane Inhibitors: Disrupt the bacterial cell membrane, leading to leakage of cellular contents.
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: Target ribosomal subunits (30S and 50S) to block protein production.
Folate Synthesis Inhibitors: Interfere with folate metabolism essential for bacterial growth.
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors: Interfere with the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

Time-Dependent Antibiotics (T > MIC)

Include Beta-lactams, Monobactams, Macrolides (except azithromycin), and Clindamycin.

Concentration-Dependent Antibiotics

AUC/MIC: Vancomycin, Azithromycin, Tetracyclines, Linezolid.
Cmax/MIC: Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin.

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

Beta-lactams: Include Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Monobactams (e.g., Aztreonam targets PBP in gram-negative bacteria).
Glycopeptides: Critical members are Vancomycin, Telavancin, Dalbavancin, and Oritavancin.

Cell Membrane Synthesis Inhibitors

Key drugs include Polymyxins and Daptomycin which compromise cell membrane integrity.

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Act on ribosomal targets:
- 30S: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines.
- 50S: Macrolides, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Quinupristin/dalfopristin, Glycylcyclines (Tigecycline).

Folate Synthesis Inhibitors

Sulfonamides inhibit Dihydropteroate synthase, while Trimethoprim blocks Dihydrofolate reductase; commonly grouped as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Antibiotics include Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin, and Rifamycin, targeting nucleic acid processes.

Antibiotics Resistance Mechanisms

Inactivation of drug: Bacteria produce enzymes to destroy antibiotics.
Decreased accumulation of drug: Reduced uptake or increased efflux mechanisms.
Reduced binding to target: Mutations lead to lower affinity for the antibiotic’s target.

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Description

Test your knowledge on antibiotics with this review quiz featuring key concepts and definitions related to antibiotic coverage. From understanding antibiotic classes to the post-antibiotic effect, this quiz covers essential information for anyone studying pharmacology or medicine.