Questions and Answers
What is the antibiotic coverage chart?
Antibiotic Coverage Chart
What is the antibiotic coverage table?
Antibiotic Coverage Table
What is the post-antibiotic effect (PAE)?
Continued suppression of bacterial growth when antibiotic levels are below the MIC for the organism
List five antibiotic classes.
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List the time-dependent antibiotics T > MIC.
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List the concentration-dependent antibiotics AUC/MIC.
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List the concentration-dependent antibiotics Cmax/MIC.
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What are cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
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What are the subclasses of B-lactams?
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What are glycopeptides?
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What do cell membrane synthesis inhibitors do?
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List the protein synthesis inhibitors acting on the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits.
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What are folate synthesis inhibitors?
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What are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors?
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What are the three main categories of antibiotic resistance?
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Study Notes
Antibiotic Coverage
- Antibiotic coverage charts and tables summarize the spectrum of activity for various antibiotics against different pathogens.
- Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is the phenomenon where bacterial growth remains suppressed even after antibiotic levels drop below the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).
Antibiotic Classes
- Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: Prevent crosslinking of peptidoglycan, vital for bacterial cell wall integrity.
- Cell Membrane Inhibitors: Disrupt the bacterial cell membrane, leading to leakage of cellular contents.
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: Target ribosomal subunits (30S and 50S) to block protein production.
- Folate Synthesis Inhibitors: Interfere with folate metabolism essential for bacterial growth.
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors: Interfere with the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
Time-Dependent Antibiotics (T > MIC)
- Include Beta-lactams, Monobactams, Macrolides (except azithromycin), and Clindamycin.
Concentration-Dependent Antibiotics
- AUC/MIC: Vancomycin, Azithromycin, Tetracyclines, Linezolid.
- Cmax/MIC: Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Daptomycin.
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
- Beta-lactams: Include Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Monobactams (e.g., Aztreonam targets PBP in gram-negative bacteria).
- Glycopeptides: Critical members are Vancomycin, Telavancin, Dalbavancin, and Oritavancin.
Cell Membrane Synthesis Inhibitors
- Key drugs include Polymyxins and Daptomycin which compromise cell membrane integrity.
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Act on ribosomal targets:
- 30S: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines.
- 50S: Macrolides, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Quinupristin/dalfopristin, Glycylcyclines (Tigecycline).
Folate Synthesis Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides inhibit Dihydropteroate synthase, while Trimethoprim blocks Dihydrofolate reductase; commonly grouped as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
- Antibiotics include Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin, and Rifamycin, targeting nucleic acid processes.
Antibiotics Resistance Mechanisms
- Inactivation of drug: Bacteria produce enzymes to destroy antibiotics.
- Decreased accumulation of drug: Reduced uptake or increased efflux mechanisms.
- Reduced binding to target: Mutations lead to lower affinity for the antibiotic’s target.
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Description
Test your knowledge on antibiotics with this review quiz featuring key concepts and definitions related to antibiotic coverage. From understanding antibiotic classes to the post-antibiotic effect, this quiz covers essential information for anyone studying pharmacology or medicine.